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Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry

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For the politician from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, see Fazal Elahi.

His Excellency
Fazal Elahi Chaudhry
فضل الٰہی چوہدری
فضل الٰہی چودھری
Official potrait
5th President of Pakistan
In office
14 August 1973 – 16 September 1977
Prime MinisterZulfikar Ali Bhutto
Preceded byZulfikar Ali Bhutto
Succeeded byMuhammad Zia-ul-Haq
8th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
15 August 1972 – 13 August 1973
DeputyMohammad Haneef Khan
Preceded byZulfikar Ali Bhutto
Succeeded bySahibzada Farooq Ali
6th Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
12 January 1965 – 25 March 1969
Preceded byMohammad Afzal Cheema
Succeeded byA. T. M. Abdul Mateen
Speaker of the West Pakistan Provincial Assembly
In office
20 May 1956 – 7 October 1958
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byMubin-ul-Haq Siddiqui
Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
14 April 1972 – 13 August 1973
ConstituencyNW-36 (Gujrat-II)
In office
12 June 1965 – 25 March 1969
ConstituencyNW-24 (Gujrat-I)
In office
8 June 1962 – 7 June 1965
ConstituencyNW-24 (Gujrat-II)
Member of the West Pakistan Provincial Assembly
In office
19 May 1956 – 7 October 1958
ConstituencyGujrat District
Member of the West Punjab Provincial Assembly
In office
7 May 1951 – 14 October 1955
ConstituencyGujrat-VII
In office
15 August 1947 – 25 January 1949
ConstituencyGujrat-VII
Personal details
Born(1904-01-01)1 January 1904
Marala, Kharian Tehsil, Punjab, British India
Died2 June 1982(1982-06-02) (aged 78)
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Cause of deathCardiovascular disease
Political partyPPP
Alma mater

Fazal Elahi Chaudhry[a] (1 January 1904 – 2 June 1982) was a Pakistani politician who served as the fifth president of Pakistan from 1973 until his resignation in 1977 following deposition of the federal government in a coup d'état led by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq.[1] Preceding his presidency, he served as the speaker of the West Pakistan Provincial Assembly from 1956 to 1958, deputy speaker of the National Assembly from 1965 to 1969 and speaker of the National Assembly from 1972 to 1973.

Chaudhry was born in Kharian, Punjab and received an LL.B degree from the Aligarh Muslim University at Aligarh, United Provinces. He completed his Master's degree from the University of the Punjab in Lahore in 1927 and started practicing civil law. Fazal joined the All-India Muslim League in 1942 and rose to prominence in the party's Punjab branch. After the partition of India, Fazal became the minister of education and health in the federal government. In 1951, he became a member of the permanent representative of Pakistan's delegation to the United Nations and of West Punjab provincial assembly.

After being elected to the West Pakistan Provincial Assembly, Fazal served as its speaker from 1956 to 1958. Following the 1965 presidential election, he became the deputy speaker of the National Assembly till 1969. He was re-elected to the National Assembly in 1970 as a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party and became the speaker in 1972.

After the promulgation of the 1973 constitution, Chaudhry was elected the president of Pakistan, a role which was largely ceremonial under the new constitution. He continued his constitutionally nominal role as the head of state with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as the country's first-elected prime minister until Bhutto's government was overthrown in a military coup in July 1977 with General Zia-ul-Haq taking over as the de-facto ruler of the country with the role of Chief Martial Law Administrator. Under pressure from the military government, Fazal eventually resigned in September 1977 with Zia-ul-Haq taking over the presidency.

Early life

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Fazal Elahi Chaudhry was born on 1 January 1904 into an influential Gujjar Punjabi[2][3] family in Marala village of Kharian Tehsil in Gujrat District, British Punjab. After receiving his education from there, Chaudhry joined the prestigious Aligarh Muslim University in 1920,[4] receiving his LLB in Civil law in 1924. Thereafter, Chaudhry returned to Punjab and attended the Punjab University's post-graduate school in law and political science. In 1925, Chaudhry obtained his MA in Political Science in 1925, and the advanced LLM in Law and Justice, in 1927.

After completing his education, Chaudhry established his law firm in Lahore, advocating for civil liberties, and went back to Gujrat and started practising the civil law.

Political career

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Early years (1942-1956)

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In 1930, Chaudhry started taking interest in politics and participated in the 1930 Indian general election for the Gujrat District Board and was elected unopposed.[5] He joined the Muslim League in 1942. In 1945, he was elected from Gujrat as the President of Muslim League. He took part in the 1946 Indian provincial elections on Muslim League's ticket and played an important role in propagating the ideas of the Muslim League among the people of his area. Upon the independence of Pakistan, he was given the post of Parliamentary Secretary, and was included in Liaquat Ali Khan's cabinet, serving as the education and health minister.

He further joined Pakistan permanent representative's delegation to the United Nations in 1951.[6] In 1951, he contested the elections of the Punjab Legislative Assembly on the Muslim League ticket and was elected as a member of the Punjab Assembly. In 1952, he represented Pakistan in the United Nations.

Speaker and deputy speaker roles (1956-1972)

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In the 1956 elections, he was elected as member of the West Pakistan Assembly. Chaudhry served as the first Speaker of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly from 20 May 1956 to 7 October 1958. In 1962, when Ayub Khan announced the elections, he was selected as the Deputy Opposition Leader of the House on the basis of his experience and knowledge about parliamentary proceedings. Chaudhry joined the Convention Muslim League, and after the 1965 presidential election, he was elected as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly, a role he served in till 1969.[7]

He was elected as member of the National Assembly in 1970 on the ticket of the Pakistan Peoples Party, and was later elected as the Speaker of the National Assembly in 1972.[8] He ended up joining the Pakistan Peoples Party.

President of Pakistan (1973-1978)

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He contested the Presidential Elections of 1973 against Khan Amirzadah Khan of NAP and all opposition parties, and was elected president in 1973 (receiving 139 votes against Khan's 45),[9] when the head of the PPP, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was made Prime Minister. He was the first Punjabi President of Pakistan.

Chaudhry was largely a figurehead, and was the first Pakistani President with less power than the Prime Minister.[1][10][11] This was due to the new constitution of 1973 that gave more powers to the Prime Minister. Previously, the President had been the chief executive of Pakistan and had the power to appoint Prime Minister. After Operation Fair Play - a codename of the operation to remove Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from power - Chaudhry continued his presidency but had no influence in the government operations or the military and national affairs.

After contentious relations with the military, Chaudhry decided to resign from his post[5] despite the urging of the Chief of Army Staff and Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff. On 16 September 1978, Chaudhry handed the charge of the presidency to ruling military general Zia-ul-Haq who succeeded him as the sixth president, in addition to being the Chief Martial Law Administrator and the Chief of Army Staff.He presented Pakistan as an Islamic country in the world.

Death

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Chaudhry died of a heart ailment on 2 June 1982 at the age of 78.[12][5]

Notes

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  1. ^ Punjabi: فضل الٰہی چوہدری; Urdu: فضل الٰہی چودھری

References

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  1. ^ a b "The Democratically Elected and the Military Presidents of Pakistan". Dunya News. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  2. ^ "Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry". prideofpakistan.com. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  3. ^ "Former president Fazal Ilahi remembered". Pakistan Today. 2 June 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  4. ^ "Tareekh e Pakistan - Deat of Fazal Elahi Choudhry (فضل الٰہی چوہدری کی وفات) | Online History Of Pakistan". www.tareekhepakistan.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  5. ^ a b c "Former Pakistani President Chaudhry Fazal Elahi died Tuesday of..." UPI. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry | The Asian Age Online, Bangladesh". The Asian Age. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  7. ^ "Toothless lions? | Special Report | thenews.com.pk". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  8. ^ "National Assembly of Pakistan". na.gov.pk. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  9. ^ "New President of Pakistan Named in Government Shift". The New York Times. 11 August 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  10. ^ "Dr Alvi is third Pak president to assume charge at the age of 69". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  11. ^ Current World Leaders: almanac. Almanac of Current World Leaders. 1977.
  12. ^ Upi (2 June 1982). "Fazal Elahi Dies at 78; Pakistani Ex-President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Speaker of the National Assembly
1972–1973 		Succeeded by
President of Pakistan
1973–1978 		Succeeded by
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