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Active Template Library

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Active Template Library
Developer(s)Microsoft
Written inC++
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
TypeLibrary or framework
LicenseProprietary

The Active Template Library (ATL) is a set of template-based C++ classes developed by Microsoft, intended to simplify the programming of Component Object Model (COM) objects. The COM support in Microsoft Visual C++ allows developers to create a variety of COM objects, OLE Automation servers, and ActiveX controls.[1][2] ATL includes an object wizard that sets up primary structure of the objects quickly with a minimum of hand coding. On the COM client side ATL provides smart pointers that deal with COM reference counting. The library makes heavy use of the curiously recurring template pattern.

History

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COM objects can also be created with Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), but this leads to larger binaries that require support DLLs.[3] ATL, on the other hand, is a more lightweight alternative in situations where the graphical user interface parts of MFC are not required.[4]

Older versions of ATL (ATL prior to version 7.1, pre-Visual Studio 2005) are incompatible with DEP because it places executable thunks in data heap[5][6][7]. This problem can be mitigated with DEP-ATL thunk emulation with perfomance penalty[8][9].

In ATL version 7 (Visual Studio 2003), which directly succeeded version 3 (Visual Studio 6.0), a number of MFC classes like CString were made available in ATL, or more precisely moved to an ATLMFC common layer which is shared by both libraries. ATL version 7 also introduced attributes in C++ in an attempt to provide something similar to CLI attributes, however these have not been particularly successful, and have been deemphasized in ATL version 8 (Visual Studio 2005); the various wizards no longer generate them by default. Version 7 also introduced new string conversion classes.

On July 28, 2009, Microsoft released a patch to ATL to fix a bug that could allow ActiveX controls created using ATL to be vulnerable to a remote code execution security flaw.[10]

Since Visual Studio 2013 (ATL version 12), all ATL code is static, eliminating the DLL.[11][12].

ATL version defined by ATL_VER macros and can be queried via AtlGetVersion() function[13].

Support classes

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ATL includes many RAII classes to simplify management of COM types. The most commonly used classes include:

  • CComPtr<T>[14] general-purpose smart-pointer,
  • CComBSTR[15] BSTR wrapper,
  • CComVariant[16] VARIANT wrapper, and
  • CComSafeArray<T>[17] SAFEARRAY wrapper.

Compiler COM support

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Although not formally part of ATL, Microsoft Visual C++ also includes additional C++ RAII classes to simplify management of COM types. These compiler COM support classes can be used as replacement for or in combination with ATL, and includes:

  • _com_ptr_t[18] smart-pointer that decorates the COM interface name with a "Ptr" suffix,
  • _bstr_t[19] BSTR wrapper,
  • _variant_t[20] VARIANT wrapper, and
  • _com_error[21] HRESULT wrapper.

Note that as of Visual Studio 2012, the compiler COM support classes does not include a SAFEARRAY wrapper.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Grimes, Richard (1998). "ATL and COM". ATL COM (1st ed.). Wrox Press. p. 6. ISBN 1-86100-249-1.
  2. ^ Grimes, Richard (1999). "Building and calling a COM object using ATL". Beginning ATL 3 COM Programming (1st ed.). Wrox Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-86100-120-7.
  3. ^ Williams, Mickey (2000). "Active Documents". Visual C++ 6 Unleashed (1st ed.). Sams. p. 733. ISBN 978-0-672-31241-0.
  4. ^ Microsoft MSDN: Recommendations for Choosing Between ATL and MFC
  5. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20080130115007/http://blogs.msdn.com/michael_howard/archive/2008/01/29/new-nx-apis-added-to-windows-vista-sp1-windows-xp-sp3-and-windows-server-2008.aspx
  6. ^ https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/michael_howard/new-nx-apis-added-to-windows-vista-sp1-windows-xp-sp3-and-windows-server-2008
  7. ^ https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2009/06/understanding-dep-as-a-mitigation-technology-part-1/
  8. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20090123222148/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/948468
  9. ^ https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-updateprocthreadattribute
  10. ^ "ATL Security Update". MSDN. Microsoft. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  11. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20130827013146/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vcblog/archive/2013/08/20/atl-and-mfc-changes-and-fixes-in-visual-studio-2013.aspx
  12. ^ https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/atl-and-mfc-changes-and-fixes-in-visual-studio-2013/
  13. ^ https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/atl/reference/atl-text-encoding-functions?view=msvc-170#atlgetversion
  14. ^ Microsoft MSDN: CComPtr Class
  15. ^ Microsoft MSDN: CComBSTR Class
  16. ^ Microsoft MSDN: CComVariant Class
  17. ^ Microsoft MSDN: CComSafeArray Class
  18. ^ Microsoft MSDN: _com_ptr_t Class
  19. ^ Microsoft MSDN: _bstr_t Class
  20. ^ Microsoft MSDN: _variant_t Class
  21. ^ Microsoft MSDN: _com_error Class
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