Jump to content

Tribhuvan International Airport

Coordinates: 27°41′47″N 085°21′32″E / 27.69639°N 85.35889°E / 27.69639; 85.35889
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tribhuvan International Airport

त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerGovernment of Nepal
OperatorCivil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN)
ServesKathmandu, Nepal
Hub for
Elevation AMSL4,390 ft / 1,338 m
Coordinates27°41′47″N 085°21′32″E / 27.69639°N 85.35889°E / 27.69639; 85.35889
Websitewww.tiairport.com.np
Map
KTM is located in Nepal
KTM
KTM
Location within Nepal
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02/20 3,350 10,991 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers8,691,443
Passenger change 2018-19Increase 1.867%
Aircraft movements233,187
Movements change 2018-19Decrease 4.06%
Land area356.536 ha
Sources: CAAN[1] and DAFIF[2][3]

Tribhuvan International Airport (Nepali: त्रिभुवन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल, IATA: KTM, ICAO: VNKT, colloquially referred to as TIA) is an international airport located in Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal. It has a tabletop runway,[4] a domestic terminal and an international terminal. As the country's main international airport, it connects Nepal to over 40 destinations in 17 countries.

The airport is a hub for two international airlines—the flag carrier Nepal Airlines and Himalaya Airlines, along with multiple other domestic carriers. The airport is considered as a starting point for Mount Everest international tourists, with several daily flights to Lukla. Several airlines also offer Everest sightseeing flights from Kathmandu.

Due to heavy traffic congestion, winter fog and the airport running out of its full capacity, the Government of Nepal promoted Gautam Buddha International Airport and Pokhara International Airport as alternative airports in case of necessary diversions.[5]

History

[edit]
Aerial view of Tribhuvan International Airport

The airport was originally named Gauchaur Airport, after the area of Kathmandu where it was situated. In Nepali, "Gauchaur" refers to a place where cows graze.[6] The formal beginning of aviation in Nepal occurred in 1949, with the landing of a Beechcraft Bonanza carrying the Indian ambassador. However, there are claims that there is evidence that Simara Airport existed in some form as early as 1946 and would therefore be the oldest airport in Nepal; this is, however, disputed.[7]

The first flight into Gauchaur happened on 23 April 1949.[8][9][10]

The first charter flight took place between Gauchaur and Calcutta, in a Himalayan Aviation Dakota on 20 February 1950.[11]

On 20 February 1950, an Indian registered Dakota DC-3 commenced the first ever scheduled service, linking Kathmandu to Patna, Kolkata and Delhi.[12]

In 1950, King Tribhuvan took refuge at the Indian embassy in an attempt to overthrow the Rana dynasty. Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah, the four-year-old grandson of Tribhuvan was crowned the new king. On 10 November 1950, two Indian planes landed at Gauchaur Airport and carried the young king along with his grandfather to Delhi. After the Delhi Accord, the Rana regime ended and King Tribhuvan landed at Gauchaur Airport as the monarch on 18 February 1951, bringing waves of democracy in Nepal.[12]

In 1952, the first scheduled domestic flights commenced to Bhairahawa, Biratnagar, Pokhara and Simara.[12]

On 15 June 1955, the airport was inaugurated by King Mahendra and renamed Tribhuvan Airport in memory of the king's father. The airport was again renamed to Tribhuvan International Airport in 1964.[12]

In 1957, the original 3,700 feet (1,100 m) grass runway 16/34 was re-laid in concrete. In 1964, the former runway 16/34 was abandoned for a newer 6,600 feet (2,000 m) runway 02/20. The new runway was extended from 6,600 to 10,000 feet (2,012 to 3,048 m) with the joint effort of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the OPEC in 1975.[11] The runway was re-strengthened in 1981.[12]

In 1961, Queen Elizabeth II landed in a Dakota plane for her first visit to Nepal, one of the most high-profile arrivals at the airport.[13]

Two planes on the tarmac in front of an airport building
Planes from Royal Nepal Airlines at the airport in 1963

In 1967, Tribhuvan International Airport witnessed its first jet aircraft, a Lufthansa Boeing 707[11] and 1972, the Nepali flag carrier, Royal Nepal Airlines commenced jet operations from the airport with a Boeing 727.[11] The same year, Nepali personnel took over air traffic services from the Indian personnel.[12]

In 1985, the extension apron of runway 02/20 was overlaid.[importance?] The development of the terminal building was commenced in the same year. In 1987, the construction of the Airlines Operation and Control Tower building was completed and the taxiway was overlaid. In the same year, on 11 October, Nepal witnessed the first ever landing of the Concorde.[14] In 1989, the construction of the terminal building was completed and on 18 February 1990, the newly built TIA complex was officially inaugurated by King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah.[12]

In 1992, Necon Air, Nepal's first private airline commenced domestic operations from TIA with a Hawker Siddeley HS 748.[12]

In 1995, work started to expand the domestic terminal. Likewise, Amplitude modulation signalling system (AMSS) and a very-small-aperture terminal (V-SAT) were also installed at the airport.[citation needed][importance?]

In 1997, airport surveillance radar (ASR) and secondary surveillance radar (SSR) came into the operation. The installation of radar surveillance was proposed by Japan in 1994, following the crash of Thai Airways Flight 311 and Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 in 1992, which claimed the lives of 280 people altogether, including 17 high-level Japanese diplomats. On 9 September 1998, Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala officially inaugurated the radars.[12][15]

In May 2007, Austrian Airlines discontinued its flight to Vienna, Nepal's last direct air link to Europe.[16] In September 2013, Turkish Airlines launched direct flights from Istanbul to Kathmandu, re-establishing Nepal's connection with continental Europe.[17]

Two planes on the tarmac in front of an airport building
International terminal

In August 2013, the airport's only runway had to be closed for wide-body aircraft because the runway, which was in disrepair, could no longer withstand their weight.[18]

In 2016, a new domestic terminal of 6300 m2 (67,813 sq. ft.) was opened, replacing the old terminal building of 2200 m2 (23,681 sq. ft.). The new facility is a temporary structure, and it cost Rs. 119.8 million to house passengers and office space for 15 local airlines.[19]

In 2020, the runway was extended to 3,350 metres (10,990 ft 10 in), the departure hall was expanded to accommodate 1500 more passengers, the arrival area was extended to a lower level and the immigration hall was facelifted.[20]

In 2022, the airport extended its domestic terminal, with the new section of the building being exclusively used by Buddha Air.[21]

Facilities

[edit]

Apron

[edit]
International parking bays

The international apron at TIA can handle up to 17 aircraft, although only three can support wide-body category aircraft. There is also a bay at the eastern side of the airport that can hold two wide-body and two ATR 72 or similar type of aircraft. The eastern bay is used solely to park disabled or non-operational airplanes. With the completion of the construction of the two apron the parking capacity has increased to 17 aircraft.[22]

Departure from Tribhuvan Airport

The aprons at the domestic terminal have been accommodating up to 35 aircraft, despite its allowable capacity of only 17.[23] The helipad at TIA can handle up to 17 helicopters.[importance?]

Runway

[edit]

The airport has a single 3,350 metres (10,990 ft 10 in) runway with a slope of 1.2%[24] oriented at 02/20. There is no instrument landing system available.[25] The bitumen runway with the strength of PCN 54F/A/W/T has the markings of the centerline, edge, touchdown zone and the threshold. It has a 60 meters (196 ft 10 in) Runway Strip and 240 meters (787 ft 5 in) Runway End Safety Area (RESA). The runway has five intersections with the taxiways. The taxiway G runs parallel to the runway but it does not connect the thresholds.[24]

Aids to landing and navigation

[edit]
Airfield ground light at Tribhuvan Airport

There are two non-precision approaches available at the Kathmandu Airport; VHF omnidirectional range along a distance measuring equipment (VOR/DME) and Required Area Navigation (RNAV/RNP). The RNP AR approaches were designed for runways 02/20 by Navblue, to enhance the overall safety of aircraft operations by taking into account ATC constraints, aircraft energy management, and the terrain.[26] Due to mountainous terrain, VOR/DME systems are installed at Kathmandu and Bhattedanda, along the extended approach path of runway 02 for better reception by aircraft.[27] High intensity 870 m (2,854 ft 4 in) extended centerline lights are installed at the southern end of the airport to assist with the approach. The runway is equipped with high intensity centerline lights, bidirectional raised edge lights, the threshold lights and the runway end lights. Precision approach path indicator (PAPI) lights (3°) are installed as landing aids for the two runways 02/20. There is however no ILS system installed in the airport due to geographic conditions and technological complexities.[28]

Terminals

[edit]
Passenger waiting hall inside the domestic terminal

There are two public terminals at the airport, one for international traffic and one for domestic traffic. The international terminal can handle up to 1350 departing passengers per hour, though it has been handling 2200 per hour at peak hours to suit the increasing demand of passengers.[29]

A terminal for VIP guests is also operated by the Government of Nepal, where international state guests are welcomed. There are plans to construct a separate terminal for helicopter transportation.[30]

The Government of Nepal's VIP Terminal, where international state guests are welcomed

Radisson Hotel Kathmandu operates an executive lounge for first and business class passengers of several airlines[31] and Thai Airways operates a Royal Thai Silk lounge for its business-class passengers, as well as Star Alliance Gold card holders.[32]

There is a duty-free shop in the departure area, and tea, coffee and confectionery outlets. There are also baggage help desk, senior citizens and mother room, banking services and pre-paid taxi services to assist passengers at the terminal building.[33][importance?] The domestic terminal is to the northern side of the airport, can be accessed using Free Shuttle Service from the airport main gate. In its temporary building, the domestic terminal has set aside 289 square metres (3,110 sq ft) for airline offices, 282 square meters (3,040 sq ft) for restaurants, and 58 square metres (620 sq ft) for lavatories. The terminal has a capacity of 765 passengers per hour.[34][importance?]

Aircraft maintenance

[edit]
Nepal Airlines' hangar

Nepal Airlines operates a large hangar between the international and domestic terminals. There are plans to upgrade and move this facility to the eastern side of the airside.[35] Buddha Air operates a closed door hangar facility, which can accommodate narrow-body aircraft at the eastern side of the airport.[36]

Location and access

[edit]

Tribhuvan International Airport is located 1 km (0.6 mi) from Pashupatinath Temple and 6 km (3.7 mi) east of the city centre and main tourist area Thamel.[37] The nearest hotel is Airport Hotel, located about 200 m (0.1 mi) from the airport gate.[38]

It is in the middle of the junction of three ancient cities of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patan. The airport is connected to major parts of Kathmandu valley by the ring road.

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Air Arabia Abu Dhabi,[39][40] Sharjah[41][42]
Air China Chengdu–Tianfu
Air India Delhi,[43] Kolkata,[44]
Batik Air Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–International[45]
Bhutan Airlines Delhi,[46] Paro[46]
Biman Bangladesh Airlines Dhaka[47][48]
Buddha Air Bhadrapur,[49] Bharatpur,[50] Biratnagar, Dhangadhi,[51] Janakpur,[52] Jitpursimara, Nepalgunj,[53] Pokhara–International,[54] Rajbiraj,[55] Siddharthanagar, Surkhet,[56] Tumlingtar, Varanasi[57]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong[58][59]
China Eastern Airlines Kunming[60]
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou[61]
Drukair Paro[62]
flydubai Dubai–International[63][64]
Guna Airlines Bhadrapur,[65] Bharatpur,[65] Biratnagar,[66] Birendranagar,[67] Janakpur, Jitpursimara, Nepalgunj,[65] Pokhara–International,[68] Siddharthanagar,[69] Tumlingtar[70]
Himalaya Airlines Beijing–Daxing,[71] Chongqing,[72] Dammam,[73] Dhaka,[74] Doha,[75] Dubai–International,[76] Kuala Lumpur–International,[77] Kuwait City,[78] Lhasa,[79] Qingdao,[80] Riyadh,[81] Shanghai–Pudong[82]
IndiGo Delhi,[83] Mumbai[84][44]
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City[85]
Korean Air Seasonal: Seoul–Incheon[86]
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City[87]
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International[88]
Nepal Airlines Bangalore,[89] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[90] Bhojpur, Dammam,[91] Delhi,[92] Doha,[93] Dubai–International,[94] Hong Kong,[95] Ilam,[96] Khanidanda, Khotehang, Kuala Lumpur–International, Mumbai,[89][44] Phaplu, Phungling,[97] Riyadh,[81] Rukum,[98] Siddharthanagar,[99] Tokyo–Narita,[100][89] Tulsipur
Qatar Airways Doha[101][citation needed]
SalamAir Muscat[102]
Saurya Airlines Bhadrapur, Biratnagar, Dhangadhi, Nepalgunj, Siddharthanagar
Shree Airlines Bhadrapur, Biratnagar, Dhangadhi, Janakpur,[103] Jitpursimara, Nepalgunj,[104] Pokhara–International, Rajbiraj,[105][106][107] Siddharthanagar
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu–Tianfu
Singapore Airlines Singapore[108]
Sita Air Lukla,[109] Nepalgunj,[110] Phungling,[111] Pokhara–International
Charter: Bhadrapur,[112] Phaplu, Ramechhap, Tumlingtar
SriLankan Airlines Colombo–Bandaranaike[113][114]
Summit Air Lukla, Nepalgunj, Phaplu, Phungling,[115] Tumlingtar[116]
Tara Air Bhojpur, Ilam, Khanidanda, Lamidanda, Lukla,[117] Nepalgunj, Phaplu
Charter: Phungling[118]
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang[119]
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi[120]
Thai Lion Air Bangkok–Don Mueang[121]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul[122][123]
Yeti Airlines Bhadrapur, Biratnagar,[124] Janakpur, Jitpursimara,[125] Lukla, Nepalgunj, Pokhara–International, Siddharthanagar, Tumlingtar[126]

Buddha Air, Yeti Airlines, Shree Airlines and Sita Air also provide daily mountain sightseeing flights or Mount Everest sightseeing flights from Tribhuvan International Airport. They usually depart from the domestic terminal early morning and return to the airport one hour later.[127][128][129]

The helicopter operators Air Dynasty, Manang Air, Prabhu Helicopter, Simrik Air, Shree Airlines and Fishtail Air offer helicopter operations from their respective hubs at Tribhuvan International Airport.[citation needed]

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Himalaya Airlines Cargo Kunming, Nanning[130][131]
Moalem Aviation Dubai–International[citation needed]
SF Airlines Chengdu–Shuangliu,[132] Chengdu–Tianfu
SpiceXpress Kolkata

Statistics

[edit]
Year[133][134][135][136] Passenger movements Aircraft movements
2000 1,914,349 64,103
2001 Decrease 1,849,766 Decrease 63,159
2002 Decrease 1,600,309 Decrease 54,825
2003 Increase 1,748,082 Increase 60,648
2004 Increase 2,016,850 Increase 75,533
2005 Increase 2,362,885 Increase 80,379
2006 Decrease 2,265,758 Decrease 72,348
2007 Increase 2,543,482 Increase 77,342
2008 Increase 2,867,216 Increase 83,562
2009 Increase 3,405,015 Increase 91,884
2010 Increase 3,991,259 Increase 99,317
2011 Increase 4,508,962 Increase 102,052
2012 Decrease 4,500,176 Decrease 94,197
2013 Increase 4,682,906 Decrease 92,685
2014 Increase 4,962,205 Increase 95,744
2015 Decrease 4,581,210 Decrease 92,428
2016 Increase 5,268,338 Increase 100,994
2017 Increase 6,339,235 Increase 126,469
2018 Increase 7,190,238 Increase 129,513
2019 Increase 7,327,042 Decrease 124,255
2020 Decrease 2,562,182 Decrease 48,857[137][138]
2021 Increase 5,033,871 Increase 92,932
2022 Increase 7,954,495[139] Increase 132,514[140]
2023 Increase 8,691,443[139] Decrease 108,202[139]

Airline market share

[edit]
Top international carriers serving KTM (2023)[141]
Rank Carrier Number of passengers Change from previous year
1 Nepal Nepal Airlines 645,166 Increase 11.68
2 Qatar Qatar Airways 627,081 Increase 1.08
3 Nepal Himalaya Airlines 462,764 Increase 20.27
4 India Indigo Airlines 449,992 Increase 107.78
5 United Arab Emirates Flydubai 368,739 Increase 4.25
Top domestic airlines serving KTM (2020)[142]
Rank Carrier Number of passengers Passenger share
1 Buddha Air 765,708 52.8%
2 Yeti Airlines 380,379 26.2%
3 Shree Airlines 230,646 15.9%
4 Nepal Airlines 23,657 1.63%
5 Saurya Airlines 16,459 1.14%

Expansion

[edit]

According to the CAAN Aviation Report – 2017,[143] Tribhuvan International will undergo expansions under Transport Project Preparatory Facility funded partly by the Asian Development Bank. Major works include:[144]

  • Construction of a parallel taxiway system and side strip
  • Construction of a new international terminal building
  • Reconfiguration of existing international terminal building to domestic terminal building
  • Relocation of Nepal Airlines hangar
  • Relocation of Nepal Army infrastructure, hangar and other associated work
Project conditions of TIA expansion (as of Jan 2024)

Ground transportation

[edit]

Sajha Yatayat buses connect the airport's international terminal to Kathmandu's city centre, and Lalitpur's city centre.[145] Buses from other local companies stop in front of the airport's main gate, 500 metres in front of the terminal buildings.[146] Meter and prepaid taxis are available at both terminals at all hours.[147]

Incidents and accidents

[edit]
  • On 10 May 1973, a Douglas DC-8 operated by Thai Airways overran the runway on landing, with 100 passengers and 10 crew on board. There was one fatality.[148]
  • On 31 July 1992, an Airbus A310-304, operating as Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashed into a mountain while approaching Kathmandu, killing all 113 people on board.[149]
  • On 28 September 1992, an Airbus A300 B4-203 operating as Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 crashed while approaching Kathmandu, killing all 167 on board,[150] making it the worst air accident in Nepal.
  • On 17 January 1995, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter operating as Royal Nepal Airlines Flight 133 from Kathmandu to Rumjatar, had problems getting airborne at Tribhuvan International Airport. The aircraft struck the airfield perimeter fence and plunged into fields. Of three crew and 21 passengers on board, one crew member and one passenger were killed.[151]
  • On 7 July 1999, a Boeing 727-200F operated by Lufthansa Cargo crashed in the Champadevi hills at an altitude of 7550 feet, five minutes after takeoff, when it should have been at an altitude of 9500 feet. All five crew members on board were killed.[152]
  • On 5 September 1999, a BAe 748-501 Super 2B operating as Necon Air Flight 128 from Pokhara to Kathmandu, crashed while approaching Tribhuvan International Airport. The aircraft collided with a communication tower of Nepal Telecommunication Corporation and crashed in a wooded area 25 km west of Kathmandu. All 10 passengers and 5 crew were killed.[153]
  • On 26 December 1999, an Airbus A300B2-101 operating as Indian Airlines Flight 814 was hijacked en route from Kathmandu to Delhi. The aircraft ended up in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Indian Airlines suspended all flights to and from Nepal for some time, fearing a lack of security at check-in.[154]
  • On 24 December 2008, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter operated by Nepal Airlines ran off the runway during takeoff[155]
  • On 24 August 2010, a Dornier 228 operating as Agni Air Flight 101 crashed into hills outside Kathmandu in heavy rain.[156] All on board (three crew, 11 passengers) were killed.[157] The plane, crashed near Shikharpur village, 80 km (50 mi) south of Kathmandu. The aircraft had left Tribhuvan International Airport, bound for Tenzing-Hillary Airport.
  • On 25 September 2011, a Beechcraft 1900D operating as Buddha Air Flight 103, struck terrain while approaching Tribhuvan International Airport. There were 16 passengers and three crew members on board. Initial reports stated there was one survivor, who died en route to hospital. At the time of the crash, the weather was overcast with very low clouds and flights were operating under visual flight rules. The aircraft was on the base leg of the approach following a sightseeing flight.[158]
  • On 28 September 2012, a Dornier 228 operating as Sita Air Flight 601, crashed soon after take-off, after apparently hitting a vulture. 16 passengers and three crew members were killed.[159]
  • On 4 March 2015, an Airbus A330-300 operated by Turkish Airlines veered off the runway after attempting to land in dense fog. The aircraft had been circling for 30 minutes and was making its second landing attempt, after a previous aborted attempt due to poor visibility.[160] The aircraft skidded into soft grass causing the nose wheel to collapse and the airport to temporarily close to all international flights.[161] All 227 passengers and 11 crew members evacuated the aircraft safely.[162]
  • On 12 March 2018, a Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 operating as US-Bangla Airlines Flight 211, carrying 67 passengers and 4 crew veered off the runway while landing then crashed on the east side of Tribhuvan International Airport before catching fire. 47 passengers and 4 crew were killed.[163]
  • On 19 April 2018, a Boeing 737-900ER operated by Malindo Air on a scheduled flight to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia overran the runway after a high-speed rejected takeoff. The aircraft skidded roughly 250 feet (76 meters) south of the runway end and stopped along a grassy area between two runways. All 132 passengers and seven crew members escaped without injury. Damage to the aircraft was minor, and the airport was closed for 12 hours until it was removed. The flight crew opted to abort the takeoff due to a warning indicated the aircraft was not correctly configured.[164]
  • On 1 September 2018, a BAe Jetstream 41 operated by Yeti Airlines en route from Nepalgunj skidded off the runway, seconds after touching down. All 21 passengers and the crew of three evacuated the aircraft safely without injuries, but the aircraft was written off. Slippery runway due to rainfall was reported to be the cause of the incident.[165]
  • On 12 July 2019, a Yeti Airlines ATR 72-500, which was flying from Nepalgunj, skidded off the runway as it landed at Tribhuvan International Airport. There were 68 people aboard, including four crew members; all of them were able to safely exit the plane, but two passengers sustained minor injuries.[166]
  • On 6 May 2022, a Singapore Airlines Boeing 737-800 suffered a tail strike while taking off, forcing the flight to divert to Kolkata.[167]
  • On 24 July 2024, a Bombardier CRJ200 operated by Saurya Airlines crashed on takeoff, killing 18 of the 19 people on board.[168]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Tribhuvan International Airport". Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  2. ^ "Airport information for VNKT". World Aero Data. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Data current as of October 2006. Source: DAFIF.
  3. ^ Airport information for KTM / VNKT at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).
  4. ^ Pal, Alasdair (8 August 2020). "Factbox: What is a "table-top runway", the site of deadly Air India plane crash?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  5. ^ Prasain, Sangnam (25 May 2022). "High costs of fuel and ground handling keeping airlines away". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  6. ^ Abbott, Gerry; Jordan, Bob (2001). English All Over the Place: Experiences While Teaching Abroad. Starhaven. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-936315-15-7. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  7. ^ Arjyal, Hemant (15 July 2017). "Accident of Birth". República. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  8. ^ "The Storied Career Of India's Oldest Fighter Pilot Dalip Singh Majithia, Who Turns 100 Tomorrow". NDTV. 21 January 2023. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  9. ^ Liechty, Mark (21 February 2017). Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal. University of Chicago Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-226-42913-7.
  10. ^ Gupta, Anchit (27 July 2022). "Anchit Gupta on Twitter: "Flying from Muzaffarpur, along the Bhagmati, the strip was just 150 X1200 yards. Surjit positioned his car at the south end with a T marked next to it, with 1-2-3 balls on the T signifying wind speed ranges for Dalip to gauge approach, in planning that lasted over 6 months." / Twitter". twitter.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d Administrator. "Chronology". Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Tribhuvan International Airport". Tribhuvan International Airport. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  13. ^ Queen Elizabeth II on a Tiger Shoot in Katmandu (1961) | British Pathé, 13 April 2014, archived from the original on 18 June 2020, retrieved 9 June 2020
  14. ^ "The First Landing of a Concorde in Nepal". 28 November 2010. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  15. ^ Prasain, Sangam. "Advanced radar system to make Nepal's skies safer". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  16. ^ "Austrian bids farewell to the 737", Airliner World, June 2013: p6
  17. ^ "New airline routes launched (20 August – 2 September 2013)". anna.aero. 5 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  18. ^ Mathews, Neelam (2 September 2013). "Cracked Kathmandu Airport Runway Now Restricted". AIN online. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  19. ^ "New domestic terminal opens at Tribhuvan International Airport". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  20. ^ Prasain, Sangam (1 June 2020). "Runway end safety areas at Tribhuvan International Airport improved". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  21. ^ "TIA expands domestic departure terminal". The Himalayan Times. 12 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Nepal Phase II：Expansion of International Apron,Parallel Taxiway and Associated Works at TIA - AVIC-KDN - AVIC-KDN、KDN". www.avic-kdn.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  23. ^ Prasain, Sangam. "Poor airport infra to put brakes on fleet expansion". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  24. ^ a b "CAAN Aviation report VNKT" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  25. ^ "Kathmandu – Tribhuvan Airport (KTM/VNKT)". azworldairports.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  26. ^ "Aerodrome geographical and administrative data" (PDF). e-aip.caanepal.gov.np. 1 July 2022.
  27. ^ "Caan completes installation of radar in Bhatte Danda". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  28. ^ Acharya, Pushpa Raj (15 March 2018). "Lack of ILS localiser on northern side of TIA puts lives at risk". thehimalayantimes.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  29. ^ "Hangars large enough to hold the Airbus A330 to be built at Kathmandu airport". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  30. ^ "Separate helicopter terminal to be built at TIA". Aviation Nepal. 20 December 2018. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  31. ^ "Airport Restaurant and Executive Lounge" (PDF). Radisson. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  32. ^ "Royal Orchid Lounge". Thai Airways. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  33. ^ airport, Tribhuvan International. "Tribhuvan International airport". Tribhuvan International airport. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  34. ^ "New domestic terminal comes online at TIA". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  35. ^ "India to help Nepal build new hangars at the Kathmandu airport". The Economic Times. 14 September 2018. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  36. ^ "Hangar Profile" (PDF). Buddha Air. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  37. ^ "Tribhuvan International Airport". gettocenter.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  38. ^ "About | Airport Hotel". Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  39. ^ "Air Arabia Abu Dhabi first flight to land Kathmandu from Abu Dhabi". Aviation Nepal. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  40. ^ Godinho, Varun (11 October 2020). "Air Arabia Abu Dhabi launches additional flights". Gulf Business. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  41. ^ Bhandari, Minraj. "167 Nepalis fly to UAE in an Air Arabia flight after rapid PCR test". My Republica. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  42. ^ Kumar, Ashwani. "Nepalese expats can now fly home as flight services resume". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  43. ^ "Air India announces flights to Doha and Kathmandu". Business Traveller. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  44. ^ a b c "Nepal's baffling ban on India flights". Nepali Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  45. ^ bernama (2022). "Batik Air reinstates direct flights from KL to Bali". The malaysian reserve. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  46. ^ a b "Bhutan Airlines Adds Delhi Service from mid-September 2015". Routes. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  47. ^ "Biman to resume flights to Medina, Kuwait and Kathmandu". Dhaka Tribune. 29 September 2021. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  48. ^ "Biman increasing flights to Kathmandu from March 28 | MENAFN.COM". menafn.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  49. ^ Republica. "Buddha Air plane that took off for Bhadrapur returns to Kathmandu owing to technical issues". My Republica. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  50. ^ khabarhub. "Buddha Air's Bharatpur-Kathmandu flight experiences technical problem". khabarhub. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  51. ^ "Flights to resume tomorrow at Dhangadhi Airport after six months". My Republica. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  52. ^ "Buddha Air to conduct additional flight to Janakpur". Aviation Nepal. 3 February 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  53. ^ Republica. "Buddha Air's aircraft collides with fox in Nepalgunj". My Republica. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  54. ^ Pokharel, Santosh. "Flights to and from Pokhara Airport affected as fuel tanker overturns near runway". My Republica. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  55. ^ "#HappyAlert". Buddha Air. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  56. ^ "Buddha Air to resume Surkhet flights". Himalayan Times. 24 March 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  57. ^ "Buddha Air to fly Varanasi on the end of this week". Aviation Nepal. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  58. ^ "Cathay Pacific launches new Economy Fares in Nepal". Aviation Nepal. 1 December 2021. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  59. ^ Times, Nepali (5 December 2021). "Cathay Pacific's new fares". Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  60. ^ "China Eastern to resume passenger flights on Kunming-Kathamndu route". MyRepublica. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  61. ^ "China Southern Airlines to restart Kathmandu-Guangzhou flights". Online Khabar. 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  62. ^ "SCHEDULE FOR PERIOD DECEMBER 2023" (PDF). Drukair. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  63. ^ Salian, Neesha (7 March 2022). "UAE's flydubai registers Dhs841m profit in 2021". Gulf Business. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  64. ^ "These flydubai flights will temporarily operate from DWC". What's On. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  65. ^ a b c "Guna Airlines to start regular lights to Surkhet and Bhadrapur". Aviation Nepal. 7 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  66. ^ "Guna Airlines has started regular flights to Biratnagar". Aviation Nepal. 19 October 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  67. ^ "Guna Airlines to operate Kathmandu-Surkhet flight from today". Khabarhub. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  68. ^ "Plane flown for Pokhara returned Kathmandu after noticing technical issue". Khabarhub. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  69. ^ "Guna Airlines launches flights to Bhairahawa". Guna Airlines. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  70. ^ "Guna Airlines". Guna Airlines. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  71. ^ "Himalaya Airlines resumes flight from Kathmandu to Beijing after 3 years". Business Standard. 24 June 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  72. ^ "Chongqing Resumes Direct Flights to Kathmandu". 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023.
  73. ^ Himalayan News Service (2022). "Himalaya Airlines resumes Saudi flights". the himalayan times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  74. ^ BSS, Dhaka (20 July 2019). "Himalayan Airlines to begin Kathmandu-Dhaka flight from Monday". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  75. ^ "Himalaya Airlines increases flight frequency to Doha, Qatar". Aviation Nepal. 27 July 2017. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  76. ^ "Himalaya Airlines makes Dubai its fourth destination". anna.aero. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  77. ^ RSS. "Himalaya Airlines resumes direct flights to Malaysia". My Republica. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  78. ^ "HIMALAYA AIRLINES RESUMES KUWAIT SERVICE IN AUGUST 2024". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  79. ^ "Himalaya Airlines Adds Kathmandu – Lhasa Service From Jan 2024". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  80. ^ "Himalaya Airlines Adds Qingdao Service From Sep 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  81. ^ a b "NAC makes maiden landing to Saudi Arabia after 45 years of diplomatic ties". Khabarhub. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  82. ^ "Himalaya Airlines Dec 2023 Mainland China Network Additions". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  83. ^ "काठमाडौंबाट दिल्ली फर्किए भारतीय कांग्रेसका अध्यक्ष राहुल". The Nepal Top. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  84. ^ "IndiGo to commence Mumbai-Kathmandu service in Jun-2020". CAPA. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  85. ^ "Jazeera Airways adds new destinations in Nov 2019". Routes Online. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  86. ^ "Korean Air Converts Kathmandu to Seasonal Service in 2025". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  87. ^ "Kuwait Airways to operate 8 new flight destinations". Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  88. ^ "Malaysia Airlines Travel Fair returns with fares from RM79". malaysian reserve. 2022. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  89. ^ a b c "NAC gears up to restore international flights". The Himalayan Times. 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  90. ^ "Bangkok - Kathmandu flights to resume after Covid-19 pandemic". Aviation Nepal. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  91. ^ "Nepal Airlines to launch flights to Saudi Arabia's Dammam". República. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  92. ^ "नौ महिनापछि काठमाडौं-दिल्ली उडान सुरु". Imagekhabar - Online News Portal of Nepal. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  93. ^ "दोहा-काठमाण्डौं नियमित उडान संचालन सम्बन्धी सूचना (Information on the Resumption of Regular Commercial Flights from Doha to Kathmandu)". Embassy of Nepal - Doha, Qatar. 27 September 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  94. ^ "विन्टर सिजनमा हुने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उडान तालिका सार्वजनिक, कुन गन्तव्यमा कति उडान ?". Online Khabar. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  95. ^ "Hong Kong bans Nepal Airlines flights for the third time". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  96. ^ "Nepal Airlines to operate flights to Falgunanda Sukilumba Airport". República. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  97. ^ "Nepal Airlines resumes flight to Suketar Airport in Taplejung". Aviation Nepal. 23 October 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  98. ^ "NAC increases flight frequency to Rukum Salle Airport". Aviation Nepal. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  99. ^ "Nepal Airlines announces Kuala Lumpur-Bhairahawa flight". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  100. ^ "Nepal Airlines adds Tokyo service from March 2020". Routes. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  101. ^ "Qatar Airways adds flight after extension of TIA hours". 2018.
  102. ^ Times News Service (2020). "Muscat-Kathmandu SalamAir flight diverted to Patna". Times of Oman. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  103. ^ "Shree Airlines commencing flight to Janakpur from tomorrow". 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  104. ^ "Plane With 80 On Board Skids Off Runway At Nepal's Airport, No Casualties". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  105. ^ "Rajbiraj Airport to resume its flight services from May 8 as Shree Airline prepares for flight operation". Aviation Nepal. 24 April 2019. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  106. ^ "Shree Airlines - Fly the new High". Shree Airlines. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  107. ^ "Shree Airlines preparing Rajbiraj flights starting from June 24". Aviation Nepal. 19 June 2018. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  108. ^ "SilkAir continues its journey as Singapore Airlines". Singapore Airlines. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  109. ^ "Dornier 9N-AJH belonging to Sita meets runway excursion in Lukla". Aviation Nepal. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  110. ^ "Sita Air Dornier 228 has collided with a Wild boar at Nepalgunj". Aviation Nepal. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  111. ^ "Nepal Airlines prepares to operate Taplejung-Biratnagar flight". República. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  112. ^ "Sita Air to conduct Kathmandu-Taplejung-Bhadrapur flights during Dashain". Khabarhub. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  113. ^ "Flights from Colombo to Nepal". Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  114. ^ Republica. "Two more int'l airlines to have regular flights to and from TIA". My Republica. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  115. ^ "Summit Air Recommencing Flight to Taplejung". Aviation Nepal. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  116. ^ "Summit Air Winter Schedule". Summit Air. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  117. ^ "Tara Air DHC6-400 '9N-ALO' completes first commercial flight to Lukla". Aviation Nepal. 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  118. ^ "Flight Schedule". Tara Air. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  119. ^ "THAI AIRASIA PLANS NEPAL 4Q24 LAUNCH". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  120. ^ "Thai Airways International Plans Nepal Service From Oct 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  121. ^ "Thai Lion Air Resumes Nepal Service From Nov 2022". Aeroroutes. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  122. ^ "Turkish Airlines adds flights, refutes Kathmandu-Istanbul flights suspension". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  123. ^ "Flights from Kathmandu to Istanbul for transit passengers will not be affected, says Turkish Airlines". kathmandupost.com. 29 June 2021. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  124. ^ Domestic Flights in Nepal, Kathmandu to Biratanagar (Yeti Airlines), 29 November 2017, archived from the original on 8 July 2022, retrieved 8 July 2022
  125. ^ "Yeti Airlines scheduled to fly Simara after 12 years". Aviation Nepal. 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  126. ^ "Scheduled Flights". Yeti Airlines Pvt. Ltd. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  127. ^ "Everest Experience". Buddha Air. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  128. ^ "Amazing Everest Experience". Yeti Airlines. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  129. ^ Republica. "Shree Airlines resumes mountain flight". My Republica. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  130. ^ "Additional Kunming Cargo flight Schedule". Twitter. Himalayan Airlines. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  131. ^ "H9 Cargo Flight Update". Twitter. Himalayan Airlines. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  132. ^ Jingyan, Gao. "SF Airlines' Western China headquarters project settled in Chengdu". imsilkroad.com. xinhua silkroad information service. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  133. ^ "Civil Aviation Report 2009-2010" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  134. ^ "Civil Aviation Report 2011-2012" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  135. ^ "Civil Aviation Report 2017" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  136. ^ "Civil Aviation Report Annual 2018" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  137. ^ Prasain, Sangam. "Tribhuvan International Airport sees lowest passenger traffic since 2003". Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  138. ^ Prasain, Sangam. "Domestic airlines carried record 3.54 million passengers in 2021". Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  139. ^ a b c "You are being redirected..." thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  140. ^ "You are being redirected..." thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  141. ^ Prasain, Sangam (27 January 2024). "Int'l air passenger traffic surpasses pre-Covid record". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  142. ^ "Airlines struggle to remain in the air by discounting fares". kathmandupost.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  143. ^ CAAN Aviation Report – 2017
  144. ^ "Kathmandu Airport is reviewing its master plan as final expansion cost expected to touch $1 billion". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  145. ^ "Kathmandu Valley Route" (in Nepali). Sajha Yatayat. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  146. ^ "Kathmandu Airport Guide". Sleeping in Airports. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  147. ^ "IN TRANSIT: KATHMANDU'S TRIBHUVAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT". Roads & Kingdome. 19 July 2018. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  148. ^ Harro Ranter (10 May 1973). "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-33 HS-TGU Kathmandu-Tribhuvan Airport (KTM)". Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  149. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  150. ^ "Hunt goes on for black box in Airbus wreckage". The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  151. ^ Aviation Safety Network Archived 14 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  152. ^ Harro Ranter (7 July 1999). "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-243F VT-LCI Kathmandu". Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  153. ^ Aviation Safety Network Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  154. ^ "Terror on Indian Airlines Flight 814". The Herald. 23 December 2016. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  155. ^ The Aviation Herald Archived 4 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  156. ^ "Nepal tourist plane crash kills 14". BBC News. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  157. ^ "All 14 killed in Nepal plane crash". The Times of India. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010.
  158. ^ "No survivors in Nepal air crash". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  159. ^ Sanjaya Dhakal BBC Nepali (28 September 2012). "BBC News – Nepal plane crash kills 19 at Kathmandu". BBC. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  160. ^ Saul, Heather (4 March 2015). "Turkish Airlines flight TK 726 crash-lands on Nepal runway in dense fog". The Independent. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  161. ^ "TIA to remain closed until 10 am Friday". eKantipur.com. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  162. ^ Pokharel, Krishna (4 March 2015). "Turkish Airlines Jet Veers Off Runway in Nepal". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  163. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-8-402Q Dash 8 S2-AGU Kathmandu-Tribhuvan Airport (KTM)". aviation-safety.net. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  164. ^ "Incident: Batik Malaysia B739 at Kathmandu on Apr 19th 2018, rejected takeoff due to takeoff config warning results in overrun". Avherald.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  165. ^ "Yeti Airlines Jetstream 41 encounters runway excursion at TIA, all passengers safe". Aviation Nepal. September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  166. ^ "Yeti Airlines aircraft skids off runway". The Himalayan Times. 12 July 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  167. ^ "Over-rotation led to Singapore Airlines 737 tail-strike in Kathmandu".
  168. ^ "Pilot only survivor of Nepal plane crash". www.bbc.com. 24 July 2024.
[edit]

Media related to Tribhuvan International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribhuvan_International_Airport&oldid=1259080198"