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Demographics of Argentina

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Demographics of Argentina
Population pyramid of Argentina in 2022
PopulationIncrease 46,044,703 (2022 census)[1]
DensityIncrease 16.56046/km2
Growth rateDecrease 0.2% (2023 est.)
Birth rateDecrease 10.7 births/1,000 population (2022)[2]
Death ratePositive decrease 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2022)[2]
Life expectancyIncrease 78.55 years
 • maleIncrease 75.49 years
 • femaleIncrease 81.81 years (2023 est.)[3]
Fertility rateDecrease 1.36 children born/woman (2022)[4]
Infant mortality ratePositive decrease 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2022)[2]
Net migration rateIncrease -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]
Age structure
0–14 yearsDecrease 22.0% (male 5,645,070/female 5,316,156)
15–64 yearsIncrease 66.1% (male 14,929,084/female 14,827,733)
65 and overNegative increase 11.9% (male 2,511,984/female 3,391,820) (2022 census)[5]
Sex ratio
Total0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[3]
At birth1.07 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years1.01 male(s)/female
65 and over0.74 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityArgentine
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialSpanish (96.8%)[7]
Spoken

This is a demography of Argentina including population density, ethnicity, economic status and other aspects of the population.

As of the 2022 census [INDEC], Argentina had a population of 46,044,703[1] - a 15.3% increase from the 40,117,096 counted in the 2010 census [INDEC].[8]

Argentina ranks third in South America in total population and 33rd globally. The population density is 16.5 people per square kilometer - well below the world average of 62 people. Argentina's population growth rate in 2020 was estimated to be 0.35% annually, with a birth rate of 11.8 per 1,000 inhabitants and a mortality rate of 8.3 per 1,000 inhabitants.

The proportion of people under 15, at 22%, is somewhat below the world average (25%), and the cohort of people 65 and older is relatively high, at 12%.[5] The percentage of senior citizens in Argentina has long been second only to Uruguay in Latin America and well above the world average, which is currently 9.8%.

The median age is approximately 32 years,[5] and life expectancy at birth is of 78 years.[9] According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentines speak English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension), 9.3% speak Portuguese[10] and 5.9% speak Italian.[11]

Cities

[edit]
See also: List of cities in Argentina by population

Argentina is highly urbanized,[9] with the ten largest metropolitan areas accounting for half of the population, and fewer than one in ten living in rural areas. About 3 million people live in Buenos Aires proper, and including suburban Greater Buenos Aires the metropolitan area totals around 14 million - making it one of the 15 largest urban areas in the world.[12] The metropolitan areas of Córdoba and Rosario have around 1.3 million inhabitants each,[12] and six other cities (Mendoza, Tucumán, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe)[12][13] have at least half a million people each.

The population is unequally distributed amongst the provinces, with 61% living in the Pampa region (21% of the total area), including 17.5 million people in Buenos Aires Province, 4 million in Córdoba Province, and over 3 million each in Santa Fe Province and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Eight other provinces each have over one million people: Mendoza, Tucumán, Salta, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, and Santiago del Estero. Tucumán is the most densely populated (with 75 inhabitants/km2, the only Argentine province more densely populated than the world average), while the southern province of Santa Cruz has just 1.4 inhabitant/km2.[14]

In the mid-19th century, a large wave of immigration started to arrive to Argentina due to new constitutional policies that encouraged immigration, and issues in the countries the immigrants came from such as wars, poverty, hunger, famines, pursuit of a better life, among other reasons. The main immigration sources were from Europe, the countries from the Near and Middle East, Russia and Japan. In fact, the immigration torrent was so strong that Argentina eventually received the second-largest number of immigrants in the world, second only to the US and ahead of such immigrant receptor countries such as Canada, Brazil, Australia, etc.[15][16]

Most of these European immigrants settled in the cities which offered jobs, education and other opportunities enabling them to enter the middle class. Many also settled in the growing small towns along the expanding railway system and since the 1930s many rural workers have moved to the big cities.[17]

Urban areas reflect the influence of European immigration, and most of the larger ones feature boulevards and diagonal avenues inspired by the redevelopment of Paris. Argentine cities were originally built in a colonial Spanish grid style, centered on a plaza overlooked by a cathedral and important government buildings. Many still retain this general layout, known as a damero, meaning checkerboard, since it is based on a pattern of square blocks. The city of La Plata, designed at the end of the 19th century by Pedro Benoit, combines the checkerboard layout with added diagonal avenues at fixed intervals, and was the first in South America with electric street lighting.[18]

Provinces and districts

[edit]
Flag Province/District Capital Population (2022)[5] Rank Density (/km2)[5] Avg. growth from 2010 census[8][5] Births (2022)[2] Rate Deaths (2022)[2] Rate Infant mortality (2022)[2]
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires City – 3,121,707 4 15,372.5 0.64 24,690 8.0 33,301 10.8 6.0
Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires Province La Plata 17,523,996 1 57.1 0.98 174,704 9.7 158,015 8.8 7.9
Catamarca Province Catamarca Province San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca 429,562 20 4.2 1.30 4,784 11.3 3,182 7.5 5.9
Chaco Province Chaco Province Resistencia 1,129,606 11 11.5 0.67 18,106 14.7 9,895 8.1 10.9
Chubut Province Chubut Province Rawson 592,621 18 2.7 1.42 6,161 9.6 4,125 6.5 8.4
Córdoba Province, Argentina Córdoba Province Córdoba 3,840,905 2 24.1 1.55 41,588 10.8 35,811 9.3 7.5
Corrientes Province Corrientes Province Corrientes 1,212,696 10 13.6 1.58 14,405 12.6 8,984 7.9 13.6
Entre Ríos Province Entre Ríos Province Paraná 1,425,578 8 18.1 1.20 15,107 10.7 12,806 9.1 10.8
Formosa Province Formosa Province Formosa 607,419 17 8.4 1.12 8,484 13.8 4,702 7.6 15.1
Jujuy Province Jujuy Province San Salvador de Jujuy 811,611 14 15.0 1.43 7,819 9.9 5,452 6.9 7.9
La Pampa Province La Pampa Province Santa Rosa 361,859 22 2.6 1.15 3,499 9.6 2,935 8.1 6.9
La Rioja Province, Argentina La Rioja Province La Rioja 383,865 21 4.3 1.19 4,391 10.9 2,771 6.9 10.7
Mendoza Province Mendoza Province Mendoza 2,043,540 5 13.5 1.23 21,283 10.5 16,466 8.1 6.7
Misiones Province Misiones Province Posadas 1,278,873 9 43.0 1.27 19,575 15.2 9,475 7.3 8.2
Neuquén Province Neuquén Province Neuquén 710,814 16 7.7 2.33 7,510 11.0 4,185 6.1 4.4
Río Negro Province Río Negro Province Viedma 750,768 15 3.8 1.48 8,066 10.5 5,457 7.1 8.2
Salta Province Salta Province Salta 1,441,351 7 9.3 1.43 18,719 12.8 9,534 6.5 8.9
San Juan Province, Argentina San Juan Province San Juan 822,853 13 9.1 1.54 10,421 13.1 6,190 7.8 8.3
San Luis Province San Luis Province San Luis 542,069 19 7.0 1.89 5,561 10.7 3,982 7.6 8.5
Santa Cruz Province, Argentina Santa Cruz Province Río Gallegos 337,226 23 1.4 1.65 3,665 9.5 1,962 5.1 9.8
Santa Fe Province Santa Fe Province Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz 3,544,908 3 26.7 0.90 41,442 11.5 34,846 9.7 8.3
Santiago del Estero Province Santiago del Estero Province   Santiago del Estero 1,060,906 12 7.7 1.57 11,677 11.7 7,163 7.2 9.0
Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina Tierra del Fuego Province a Ushuaia 185,732 24 8.8 3.43 1,547 8.5 758 4.2 3.9
Tucumán Province Tucumán Province San Miguel de Tucumán   1,731,820 6 75.6 1.36 20,616 11.9 13,646 7.9 11.0

a Not including claims to the Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

Historical census data

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1650 298,000—    
1778 420,900+0.27%
1800 551,500+1.24%
1809 609,200+1.11%
1825 766,400+1.45%
1839 926,300+1.36%
1857 1,299,600+1.90%
1869 1,830,214+2.89%
1895 4,044,911+3.10%
1914 7,903,662+3.59%
1947 15,893,811+2.14%
1960 20,013,793+1.79%
1970 23,364,431+1.56%
1980 27,949,480+1.81%
1991 32,615,528+1.41%
2001 36,260,130+1.06%
2010 40,117,096+1.13%
2022 45,892,285+1.13%
Source:[19][20]

Sources: Pantelides and National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina[20]

Years Total fertility rates
(children/woman) 		Crude birth rates Age
0-14 		Age
15-29 		Age
30-44 		Age
45-59 		Age
60-74 		Age
75+
1869 6.8 49.1
45.3%
29.7%
16.0%
7.0%
1.8%
0.2%
1895 7.0 44.5
40.3%
27.7%
19.5%
8.9%
2.9%
0.7%
1914 5.2 36.5
38.4%
30.8%
17.9%
8.9%
3.3%
0.7%
1947 3.2 24.7
30.8%
27.5%
21.5%
13.6%
5.5%
1.1%
1960 3.1 22.9
30.8%
23.8%
21.2%
15.3%
7.3%
1.6%
1970 3.1 22.7
29.3%
24.6%
19.9%
15.4%
8.6%
2.2%
1980 3.4 24.8
30.4%
23.9%
18.8%
15.1%
9.0%
2.8%
1991 2.9 21.1
30.6%
23.3%
19.3%
13.9%
9.6%
3.3%
2001 2.6 18.4
28.3%
25.0%
18.6%
14.7%
9.3%
4.1%
2010 2.4 18.5
25.5%
24.8%
20.2%
15.2%
9.8%
4.5%
2022 1.4 10.1
22.0%
23.3%
22.1%
16.4%
11.2%
5.0%

Vital statistics

[edit]

The table below gives an overview of the number of birth and deaths in Argentina during the past century. Several sources were combined to compile the table.[21][22][23]

The number of births in 2021 (529,794) was 32% below the record set in 2014, while the number of deaths (436,799) was the highest ever recorded[2] - though as the population of Argentina showed a five-fold increase during the past century, the birth rate in 2021 (11.6) was a record low while the death rate (9.5) rose to its highest since 1947 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[2]

Birth rates were relatively stable from 1934 through 1980,[21] and after declining stabilized from 1995 to 2015 - before again declining sharply since then.[23]

Average population (June 30) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate
(per 1000) 		Crude death rate
(per 1000) 		Natural change
(per 1000) 		Crude migration
(per 1000) 		Total fertility rate[24] Infant mortality rate
1910 6,800,000 260,000 129,000 131,000 38.3 18.9 19.4 5.26
1911 7,070,000 268,000 129,000 139,000 37.9 18.2 19.7 19,3 5.24 148.0
1912 7,470,000 288,000 127,000 161,000 38.6 17.0 21.6 33.8 5.43 143.0
1913 7,840,000 298,000 127,000 171,000 38.0 16.2 21.8 26.6 5.42 130.0
1914 8,000,000 294,000 123,000 171,000 36.7 15.4 21.3 -1.4 5.16 125.0
1915 8,150,000 288,000 129,000 159,000 35.3 15.8 19.5 -1.1 4.94 124.0
1916 8,300,000 293,000 142,000 151,000 35.3 17.1 18.2 -0.1 4.90 124.0
1917 8,450,000 284,000 136,000 148,000 33.6 16.1 17.5 0,2 4.64 128.0
1918 8,600,000 283,000 157,000 126,000 32.9 18.2 14.7 2.8 4.51 138.0
1919 8,750,000 286,000 161,000 125,000 32.7 18.4 14.3 2.9 4.45 134.0
1920 8,970,000 290,000 139,000 151,000 32.3 15.5 16.8 7.9 4.40 127.0
1921 9,220,000 302,000 146,000 156,000 32.8 15.8 17.0 10.5 4.47 116.0
1922 9,520,000 315,000 133,000 182,000 33.1 14.0 19.1 12.8 4.55 112.0
1923 9,890,000 336,000 146,000 190,000 34.0 14.8 19.2 18.9 4.74 112.0
1924 10,220,000 335,000 146,000 189,000 32.8 14.3 18.5 14.3 4.61 116.0
1925 10,500,000 334,000 148,000 186,000 31.8 14.1 17.7 9.2 4.49 121.0
1926 10,800,000 337,000 147,000 190,000 31.2 13.6 17.6 10.5 4.42 119.0
1927 11,130,000 342,000 157,000 185,000 30.7 14.1 16.6 13.4 4.38 126.0
1928 11,440,000 352,000 151,000 201,000 30.8 13.2 17.6 9.8 4.40 113.0
1929 11,750,000 355,000 162,000 193,000 30.2 13.8 16.4 10.3 4.33 107.0
1930 12,050,000 355,000 153,000 202,000 29.5 12.7 16.8 8.3 4.22 100.0
1931 12,290,000 350,000 156,000 194,000 28.5 12.7 15.8 3.8 4.07 100.0
1932 12,520,000 352,000 139,000 213,000 28.1 11.1 17.0 1.4 3.99 95.0
1933 12,730,000 332,000 150,000 182,000 26.1 11.8 14.3 2.2 3.67 87.0
1934 12,940,000 319,661 143,065 176,596 24.7 11.1 13.6 2.6 3.45 96.6
1935 13,150,000 322,002 162,768 159,234 24.5 12.4 12.1 3.9 3.39 105.6
1936 13,370,000 318,651 150,092 168,559 23.8 11.2 12.6 3.9 3.28 96.2
1937 13,610,000 319,024 154,275 164,749 23.4 11.3 12.1 5.6 3.20 95.4
1938 14,202,000 325,412 161,555 163,857 22.9 11.4 11.5 31.5 3.19 105.3
1939 14,397,000 329,393 149,153 180,240 22.9 10.4 12.5 1.0 3.14 91.7
1940 14,591,000 339,029 151,856 187,173 23.2 10.4 12.8 0.5 3.18 90.2
1941 14,796,000 340,339 148,947 191,392 23.0 10.1 12.9 0.9 3.11 84.8
1942 15,004,000 338,199 150,030 188,169 22.5 10.0 12.5 1.3 3.03 86.1
1943 15,216,000 358,977 150,166 208,811 23.6 9.9 13.7 0.2 3.12 79.8
1944 15,441,000 380,950 154,093 226,857 24.7 10.0 14.7 -0.1 3.23 80.7
1945 15,674,000 388,191 157,785 230,406 24.8 10.1 14.7 0.2 3.21 82.1
1946 15,912,000 387,496 149,895 237,601 24.4 9.4 14.9 0 3.12 79.0
1947 16,109,000 398,468 158,059 240,409 24.7 9.7 15.0 -2.7 3.14 77.1
1948 16,284,000 413,132 152,648 260,484 25.4 9.4 16.0 -5.3 3.19 69.5
1949 16,671,000 419,656 150,604 269,052 25.2 9.0 16.1 7.2 3.18 67.0
1950 17,150,000 438,766 154,540 284,226 25.6 9.0 16.6 11.7 3.26 68.2
1951 17,506,000 444,326 156,406 287,920 25.4 9.0 16.5 4.0 3.26 67.4
1952 17,865,000 446,156 153,887 292,269 25.0 8.6 16.4 3.8 3.22 64.3
1953 18,224,000 459,734 162,217 297,517 25.3 8.9 16.4 3.4 3.27 63.8
1954 18,580,000 457,559 156,347 301,212 24.6 8.4 16.2 3.0 3.21 60.4
1955 18,931,000 461,293 167,357 293,936 24.4 8.8 15.5 3.1 3.20 61.8
1956 19,277,000 474,142 161,321 312,821 24.6 8.4 16.2 1.8 3.24 57.0
1957 19,618,000 478,368 179,578 298,790 24.4 9.2 15.2 2.2 3.24 68.5
1958 19,955,000 472,865 166,235 306,630 23.7 8.3 15.4 1.5 3.16 61.4
1959 20,291,000 476,211 173,409 302,802 23.5 8.5 14.9 1.7 3.15 59.1
1960 20,625,000 473,038 179,266 293,772 22.9 8.7 14.2 2.0 3.08 62.4
1961 20,961,000 476,259 176,477 299,782 22.7 8.4 14.3 1.8 3.06 59.1
1962 21,297,000 490,414 184,013 306,401 23.0 8.6 14.4 1.4 3.11 58.7
1963 21,633,000 491,109 187,492 303,617 22.7 8.7 14.0 1.5 3.07 61.8
1964 21,966,000 496,256 193,141 303,115 22.6 8.8 13.8 1.4 3.05 58.3
1965 22,297,000 481,814 196,467 285,347 21.6 8.8 12.8 2.1 2.92 56.9
1966 22,622,000 479,396 194,450 284,946 21.2 8.6 12.6 1.8 2.87 53.4
1967 22,945,000 480,317 195,265 285,052 20.9 8.5 12.4 1.7 2.84 55.0
1968 23,273,000 493,354 213,313 280,041 21.2 9.2 12.0 2.1 2.87 59.9
1969 23,617,000 580,699 222,937 357,762 24.6 9.4 15.2 -0.6 3.34 52.5
1970 23,983,000 544,521 222,113 322,408 22.7 9.3 13.5 1.8 3.09 59.1
1971 24,376,000 564,787 225,000 339,787 23.2 9.2 14.0 2.2 3.16 50.0
1972 24,792,000 559,398 220,000 339,398 22.6 9.0 13.6 3.1 3.09 49.0
1973 25,222,000 561,500 226,000 335,500 22.3 9.1 13.2 3.8 3.06 47.0
1974 25,654,000 602,000 231,000 371,000 23.5 9.0 14.5 2.4 3.24 46.0
1975 26,079,000 620,000 229,000 391,000 23.8 8.8 15.0 1.3 3.29 44.0
1976 26,493,000 656,768 240,764 416,004 24.8 9.1 15.7 -0.1 3.44 44.4
1977 26,899,000 661,222 234,430 426,792 24.6 8.7 15.9 -0.8 3.43 44.5
1978 27,303,000 665,000 233,482 431,518 24.4 8.6 15.8 -1.0 3.41 40.8
1979 27,712,000 647,864 234,926 412,938 23.4 8.5 14.9 -0.1 3.29 38.5
1980 28,131,000 697,775 241,125 456,650 24.8 8.6 16.3 -1.4 3.49 33.2
1981 28,562,000 680,292 241,904 438,388 23.8 8.5 15.4 -0.3 3.37 33.6
1982 29,001,000 663,429 234,926 428,503 22.9 8.1 14.8 0.3 3.24 30.5
1983 29,448,000 655,876 233,071 422,805 22.3 7.9 14.4 0.8 3.15 29.7
1984 29,900,000 635,323 255,591 379,732 21.3 8.6 12.7 2.5 3.00 30.4
1985 30,354,000 650,783 241,377 409,406 21.5 8.0 13.5 1.5 3.02 26.2
1986 30,811,000 675,388 241,004 434,384 22.0 7.8 14.1 0.7 3.08 26.9
1987 31,270,000 668,136 249,882 418,254 21.4 8.0 13.4 1.3 2.99 26.6
1988 31,729,000 680,605 254,953 425,652 21.5 8.1 13.5 1.1 3.00 25.8
1989 32,187,000 667,058 252,302 414,756 20.8 7.9 12.9 1.4 2.89 25.7
1990 32,642,000 678,644 259,683 418,961 20.9 8.0 12.9 1.1 2.89 25.6
1991 33,094,000 694,776 255,609 439,167 21.0 7.7 13.3 0.4 2.91 24.7
1992 33,540,000 678,761 262,287 416,474 20.2 7.8 12.4 0.9 2.79 23.9
1993 33,982,000 667,518 267,286 400,232 19.6 7.9 11.8 1.2 2.70 22.9
1994 34,420,000 673,787 257,431 416,356 19.6 7.5 12.1 0.6 2.68 22.0
1995 34,855,000 658,735 268,997 389,738 18.9 7.7 11.2 1.3 2.58 22.2
1996 35,287,000 675,437 268,715 406,722 19.1 7.6 11.5 0.7 2.60 20.9
1997 35,715,000 692,357 270,910 421,447 19.4 7.6 11.8 0.2 2.63 18.8
1998 36,135,000 683,301 280,180 403,121 18.9 7.8 11.2 0.5 2.56 19.1
1999 36,541,000 686,748 289,543 397,205 18.8 7.9 10.9 0.2 2.54 17.6
2000 36,931,000 701,878 277,148 424,730 19.0 7.5 11.5 -1.0 2.57 16.6
2001 37,302,000 683,495 285,941 397,554 18.3 7.7 10.7 -0.7 2.50 16.3
2002 37,657,000 694,684 291,190 403,494 18.4 7.7 10.7 -1.3 2.48 16.8
2003 38,001,000 697,952 302,064 395,888 18.4 7.9 10.4 -1.4 2.46 16.5
2004 38,341,000 736,261 294,051 442,210 19.2 7.7 11.5 -2.7 2.57 14.4
2005 38,681,000 721,220 293,529 427,691 18.6 7.6 11.1 -2.3 2.45 13.3
2006 39,024,000 696,451 292,313 404,138 17.8 7.5 10.4 -1.6 2.37 12.9
2007 39,368,000 700,792 315,852 384,940 17.8 8.0 9.8 -1.0 2.36 13.3
2008 39,714,000 746,460 301,801 444,659 18.8 7.6 11.2 -2.5 2.49 12.5
2009[25] 40,134,400 745,336 304,525 440,811 18.6 7.6 11.0 -0.5 2.46 12.1
2010 40,518,851 756,176 318,602 437,574 18.5 7.8 10.7 -1.3 2.47 11.9
2011 40,900,496 758,042 319,059 438,983 18.4 7.7 10.7 -1.4 2.45 11.7
2012 41,281,631 738,318 319,539 418,779 18.0 7.7 10.2 -1.4 2.28 11.1
2013 42,203,000 754,063 326,197 428,406 17.9 7.7 10.2 11.9 2.28 10.8
2014 42,669,500 777,012 325,539 451,437 18.2 7.6 10.6 0.4 2.33 10.6
2015 43,132,000 770,040 333,407 436,633 17.9 7.7 10.2 0.6 2.24 9.7
2016 43,590,000 728,035 352,992 375,043 16.7 8.2 8.5 1.9 2.13 9.7
2017 44,044,811 704,609 341,668 362,941 15.9 7.8 8.1 2.1 2.06 9.3
2018 44,494,502 685,394 336,823 348,571 15.4 7.6 7.8 2.3 2.00 8.8
2019 44,938,712 625,441 341,728 283,713 13.9 7.6 6.3 3.6 1.81 9.2
2020 45,376,763 533,299 376,219 157,080 11.8 8.3 3.5 6.3 1.61 8.4
2021 45,808,747 529,724 436,799 92,995 11.6 9.5 2.1 7.5 1.48 8.0
2022 46,044,703 495,295 397,115 98,180 10.7 8.6 2.1 7.2 1.39 8.4

Structure of the population

[edit]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[26][27] the total population was 45,276,780 in 2021 - double the number in 1966 (for a 1.27% average annual growth rate in that period). The population below the age of 15 in 2022 was 22%, 66% was between 15 and 64, while 12% was 65 or older.[3]

Year Total population Population percentage in age bracket
aged 0–14 aged 15–64 aged 65+
1950 17 150 000
31.2%
64.6%
4.2%
1955 18 928 000
31.3%
63.9%
4.8%
1960 20 616 000
30.8%
63.6%
5.6%
1965 22 283 000
30.2%
63.6%
6.2%
1970 23 963 000
29.3%
63.7%
7.0%
1975 26 049 000
29.4%
63.0%
7.6%
1980 28 094 000
30.4%
61.4%
8.2%
1985 30 305 000
31.0%
60.5%
8.5%
1990 32 527 000
30.7%
60.4%
8.9%
1995 34 768 000
29.6%
61.0%
9.4%
2000 36 784 000
28.5%
61.8%
9.7%
2005 38 592 000
27.3%
62.8%
9.9%
2010 40 788 000
25.5%
64.3%
10.2%
2015 43 132 000
25.2%
64.1%
10.7%
2020 45 177 000
23.6%
65.0%
11.4%
Population by Sex and Age Group (18.V.2022): [28]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 22 182 317 23 704 263 45 886 580 100
0–4 1 442 339 1 404 211 2 846 550 6.20
5–9 1 825 647 1 773 600 3 599 247 7.84
10–14 1 845 146 1 788 414 3 633 560 7.92
15–19 1 800 681 1 768 387 3 569 068 7.78
20–24 1 757 472 1 779 791 3 537 263 7.71
25–29 1 755 496 1 824 075 3 579 571 7.80
30–34 1 706 782 1 787 492 3 494 274 7.62
35–39 1 616 211 1 692 147 3 308 358 7.21
40–44 1 617 796 1 713 874 3 331 670 7.26
45–49 1 386 629 1 488 369 2 874 998 6.27
50–54 1 177 301 1 281 024 2 458 325 5.36
55–59 1 044 857 1 158 048 2 202 905 4.80
60–64 929 041 1 057 693 1 986 734 4.33
65–69 796 143 946 014 1 742 157 3.80
70–74 627 993 799 212 1 427 205 3.11
75–79 424 945 611 035 1 035 980 2.26
80+ 427 838 830 877 1 258 715 2.74
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5 113 132 4 966 225 10 079 357 21.97
15–64 14 792 266 15 550 900 30 343 166 66.12
65+ 2 276 919 3 187 138 5 464 057 11.91
Population by Sex and Age Group (27.X.2010): [29]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 19 523 766 20 593 330 40 117 096 100
0–4 1 697 972 1 639 680 3 337 652 8.32
5–9 1 717 752 1 663 467 3 381 219 8.43
10–14 1 779 372 1 724 074 3 503 446 8.73
15–19 1 785 061 1 757 006 3 542 067 8.83
20–24 1 648 456 1 651 693 3 300 149 8.23
25–29 1 552 106 1 578 403 3 130 509 7.80
30–34 1 523 342 1 575 371 3 098 713 7.72
35–39 1 311 528 1 366 907 2 678 435 6.68
40–44 1 125 887 1 184 888 2 310 775 5.76
45–49 1 067 468 1 128 882 2 196 350 5.48
50–54 986 196 1 056 797 2 042 993 5.09
55–59 893 570 975 380 1 868 950 4.66
60–64 760 914 860 276 1 621 190 4.04
65–69 588 569 704 492 1 293 061 3.22
70–74 438 438 577 459 1 015 897 2.53
75–79 321 481 480 178 801 659 2.00
80+ 325 654 668 377 994 031 2.48
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5 195 096 5 027 221 10 222 317 25.48
15–64 12 654 528 13 135 603 25 790 131 64.29
65+ 1 674 142 2 430 506 4 104 648 10.23

UN estimates

[edit]

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates of vital statistics of Argentina. [30]

Period Live births
per year 		Deaths
per year 		Natural change
per year 		CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total males females
1950–1955 457,600 163,800 293,800 25.4 9.1 16.3 3.15 66 62.5 60.4 65.1
1955–1960 479,800 169,800 310,000 24.3 8.6 15.7 3.13 60 64.5 62.1 67.4
1960–1965 497,200 188,800 308,400 23.2 8.8 14.4 3.09 60 65.2 62.4 68.6
1965–1970 521,400 209,400 312,000 22.5 9.1 13.4 3.05 57 65.7 62.7 69.3
1970–1975 585,200 224,400 360,800 23.4 9.0 14.4 3.15 48 67.2 64.1 70.7
1975–1980 694,800 241,000 453,800 25.7 8.9 16.8 3.44 39 68.6 65.4 72.2
1980–1985 676,400 247,800 428,600 23.1 8.5 14.7 3.15 32 70.1 66.8 73.7
1985–1990 701,000 264,800 436,200 22.2 8.4 13.8 3.05 27 71.0 67.5 74.6
1990–1995 721,800 274,800 447,000 21.3 8.1 13.2 2.90 24 72.1 68.6 75.8
1995–2000 711,200 282,600 428,600 19.7 7.8 11.8 2.63 22 73.2 69.6 76.9
2000–2005 731,800 296,200 435,600 19.1 7.8 11.3 2.48 15 74.3 70.6 78.1
2005–2010 741,400 309,000 432,400 18.4 7.7 10.7 2.37 13 75.3 71.6 79.1
2010–2015 754,200 321,400 432,800 17.9 7.7 10.2 2.33 11 76.2 72.5 79.8
2015–2020 702,600 341,300 361,300 16.0 7.7 8.3 2.08 9 77.1 73.6 80.6
2020–2025 11.2 8.0 3.2 1.46
2025–2030 11.4 7.7 3.7 1.50
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Other demographics statistics

[edit]
Historic population development of Argentina

Argentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina's fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1930s and then becoming more gradual.[9]

Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor.[9]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[31]

  • One birth every 1 minute
  • One death every 1.4 minutes
  • One net migrant every 111 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 3 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[9]

Population
46,245,668 (2022 est.)
Ethnic groups

European (mostly Spanish and Italian descent) and Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian ancestry), 97.2%
Amerindian, 2.4%
African, 0.4% (2010 est.)

Age structure
Population pyramid of Argentina in 2017
Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates
0–14 years: 24.02% (male 5,629,188 /female 5,294,723)
15–24 years: 15.19% (male 3,539,021 /female 3,367,321)
25–54 years: 39.60% (male 9,005,758 /female 9,002,931)
55–64 years: 9.07% (male 2,000,536 /female 2,122,699)
65 years and over: 12.13% (male 2,331,679 /female 3,185,262) (2020 est.)
Median age
total: 32.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 107th
male: 31.1 years
female: 33.6 years (2020 est.)
Birth rate
11.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th
Death rate
8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 108th
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 92nd
Net migration rate
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 101st
Population growth rate
0.35% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 121st
Life expectancy in Argentina since 1875
Life expectancy in Argentina since 1960 by gender
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 74th
male: 75.2 years
female: 81.6 years (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
male: 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
female: 7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)
Languages

Spanish (official), Italian, Portuguese, English, German, French, indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)

Religions

Roman Catholicism 66%, Protestantism 10%, No Religion 21%, Other 3%

Population distribution
One-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 54.3
youth dependency ratio: 36.0
elderly dependency ratio: 18.2
potential support ratio: 5.5 (2021 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 92.5% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.)

total population: 99.1%
male: 99.1%
female: 99.1% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 18 years
male: 16 years
female: 19 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 18.3%. Country comparison to the world: 71st
male: 15.6%
female: 22.8% (2014 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
25–54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55–64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.57 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Main articles: Ethnic groups of Argentina and Immigration to Argentina

Ethno-racial groups in Argentina (2022 census)[6]

  Undeclared (mainly White, Mixed and East Asian) (96.5%)
  Native (2.8%)
  Black (0.7%)

In colonial times, the ethnic composition of Argentina was the result of the interaction of the pre-Columbian indigenous population with a colonizing population of Spanish origin and with sub-Saharan African slaves. Before the middle 19th century, the ethnic make up of Argentina was very similar to that of other countries of Latin America.[32][33][34][35] Between 1857 and 1950 Argentina was the country with the second biggest immigration wave in the world, at 6.6 million, second only to the United States in the numbers of immigrants received (27 million) and ahead of other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia.[36][37] However, mass European immigration did not have the same impact in the whole country. According to the 1914 national census, 30% of Argentina's population was foreign-born, including 50% of the people in the city of Buenos Aires, but foreigners were only 2% in the provinces of Catamarca and La Rioja (North West region).[33] Strikingly, at those times, the national population doubled every two decades. This belief is endured in the popular saying "los argentinos descienden de los barcos" (Argentines descend from the ships). Therefore, most Argentines are descended from the 19th- and 20th-century immigrants of the great European immigration wave to Argentina (1850–1955),[38] with a great majority of these immigrants coming from diverse European countries, particularly Italy and Spain.[15]

Genetic ancestry of the average Argentine gene pool according to Caputo et al. (2021) using X-DIPs (matrilineal).[39]

  Caucasian Contribution (77.8%)
  Amerindian Contribution (18.0%)
  Sub-Saharan Contribution (4.2%)

Genetic ancestry of the Argentine gene pool according to Hoburguer et al. (2015)[40]

  Caucasian Contribution (67.3%)
  Amerindian Contribution (27.7%)
  Sub-Saharan Contribution (3.6%)
  East Asian Contribution (1.4%)

Indigenous peoples

[edit]
Main article: Argentine Amerindians
Proportion of Native Argentines in each department (2022).

According to the data of INDEC's Complementary Survey of Indigenous Peoples (ECPI) 2004–2005, 600,000 officially recognized indigenous people (about 1.4% of the total population) reside in Argentina. The most numerous of these communities are the Mapuches, who live mostly in the south, the Kollas and Wichís, from the northwest, and the Guaranis and Qom, who live mostly in the northeast.[41] In the census of 2010, 955,032 people self recognized as indigenous or descendants of indigenous peoples, thus representing 2.4% of the national population. This is without prejudice that more than half of the population has at least one indigenous ancestor, although in most cases family memory lost that origin.

Indigenous population of Argentina
Ethnic
group 		Survey 2004–2005
Number %
Aonikenk 10,590
1.8%
Atacama 3,044
0.5%
Avá-Guaraní 21,807
3.6%
Aymara 4,104
0.7%
Chané 4,376
0.7%
Charrúa 4,511
0.7%
Chorote 2,613
0.4%
Chulupí 553
0.1%
Comechingón 10,863
1.8%
Diaguita/diaguita calchaquí 31,753
5.3%
Guaraní 22,059
3.7%
Het 736
0.1%
Huarpe 14,633
2.4%
Kolla 70,505
11.7%
Lule 854
0.1%
Mapuche 113,680
18.8%
Mbyá 8,223
1.4%
Mocoví 15,837
2.6%
Omaguaca 1,553
0.3%
Pilagá 4,465
0.7%
Puelche 1,585
0.3%
Qom 69,452
11.5%
Quechua 6,739
1.1%
Rankulche 10,149
1.7%
Sanavirón 563
0.1%
Selknam 696
0.1%
Tapiete 524
0.1%
Tonocoté 4,779
0.8%
Wichí 40,036
6.6%
Others 3,864
0.6%
Not specified 102,247
16.0%

Black Argentines

[edit]
Main article: Afro-Argentines
Proportion of Black Argentines in each department (2022).

Since 2013, November 8 has been celebrated as the National Day of Afro-Argentines and African Culture. The date was chosen to commemorate the recorded date for the death of María Remedios del Valle, a rabona and guerrilla fighter, who served with the Army of the North in the war of Independence.[42][43]

Santiago Lovell, Argentine boxer and gold medalist at the 1932 Summer Olympics

The black population in Argentina declined since the middle 19th century from 15% of the total population in 1857 (Blacks and Mulatto people), to less than 0.5% at present (mainly mulattoes and immigrants from Cape Verde).

Afro-Argentines were up to a third of the population during colonial times; most were slaves brought from Africa to work for the criollos. The 1813 Assembly abolished slavery and led to the Freedom of Wombs Law of 1813, which automatically freed slaves' children at birth. Many Afro-Argentines contributed to the independence of Argentina such as María Remedios del Valle who is known as "La Madre de la Patria" (mother of the fatherland in English) and Sgt. Juan Bautista Cabral. Also there is a debate, among the historians, as to whether or not Bernardino Rivadavia, the first president of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Present Argentina) had African ancestors.[44]

Immigration to Argentina

[edit]
Main article: Immigration to Argentina

European settlement

[edit]
Lionel Messi, the football player with the most titles.

As with other areas of new settlement such as Canada, Australia, the United States, Brazil, and New Zealand, Argentina is considered a country of immigrants.[45] When it is considered that Argentina was second only to the United States (27 million of immigrants) in the number of immigrants received, even ahead of such other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia;[36][37] and that the country was scarcely populated following its independence, the impact of the immigration to Argentina becomes evident.[36][37]

In the last national census, based on self-identification, 952,032 Argentines (2.4% of the population) declared to be Amerindians.[41] Most of the 6.2 million European immigrants arriving between 1850 and 1950, regardless of origin, settled in several regions of the country. Due to this large-scale European immigration, Argentina's population more than doubled.

Carlos Gardel is the most famous representative of Tango.
Immigrant population in Argentina (1869–1991)

The majority of these European immigrants came from Spain and Italy. Thousands of immigrants also came from France, Germany, England, Portugal, Brazil, Switzerland, Wales, Scotland, Poland, Albania, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Ukraine, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Romania, Bulgaria, Armenia, Greece, Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia.

Italian population in Argentina arrived mainly from the northern Italian regions varying between Piedmont, Veneto and Lombardy, later from Campania and Calabria;[46] Spanish immigrants were mainly Galicians and Basques.[47][48] Thousands of immigrants also came from France (notably Béarn and the Northern Basque Country), Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Greece, Portugal, Finland, Russia and the United Kingdom.[49] The Welsh settlement in Patagonia, known as Y Wladfa, began in 1865; mainly along the coast of Chubut Province. In addition to the main colony in Chubut, a smaller colony was set up in Santa Fe and another group settled at Coronel Suárez, southern Buenos Aires Province.[50] Of the 50,000 Patagonians of Welsh descent, about 5,000 are Welsh speakers.[51] The community is centered on the cities of Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin.[52]

Recent immigrants

[edit]
Foreign born residents in Argentina by country of birth[53]

According to the INDEC 1,531,940 of the Argentine resident population in 2001 were born outside Argentina, representing 4.22% of the total Argentine resident population.[54][55] In 2010, 1,805,957 of the Argentine resident population were born outside Argentina, representing 4.50% of the total Argentine resident population.[54][55][56][57] As of July 2023, more than 18,500 Russians have come to Argentina after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.[58]

Illegal immigration has been a recent factor in Argentine demographics. Most illegal immigrants come from Bolivia and Paraguay, countries which border Argentina to the north. Smaller numbers arrive from Peru and Ecuador. The Argentine government estimates that 750,000 inhabitants lack official documents and has launched a program called Patria Grande ("Greater Homeland")[59] to encourage illegal immigrants to regularize their status; so far over 670,000 applications have been processed under the program.[60]

Rank (2010) Country of birth Census 2022[61] census 2010 census 2001 census 1991
1  Paraguay 522,598 550,713 325,046 254,115
2  Bolivia 338,299 345,272 233,464 145,670
3  Chile 149,082 191,147 212,429 247,987
4  Colombia 46,482 177,000 50,250 15,939
4  Peru 156,251 157,514 88,260 15,939
5  Italy 68,169 147,499 216,718 356,923
6  Uruguay 95,384 116,592 117,564 135,406
7  Spain 48,492 94,030 134,417 244,212
8  Brazil 49,943 41,330 34,712 33,966
9  China 18,629 8,929 4,184 2,297
10  Germany 4,087 8,416 10,362 15,451
11  South Korea 5,337 7,321 8,290 8,371
12  France 3,960 6,995 6,578 6,309
13  Venezuela 161,495 6,379 2,774 1,934
14  Japan 2,703 4,036 4,753 5,674
15  Taiwan 3,018 2,875 3,511 1,870
16  Syria 1,324 1,337 2,350 N/D
17  Lebanon N/D 933 1,619 3,171
18  United States 13,896 N/D N/D N/D
19  Ecuador 8,879 N/D N/D N/D
20  Dominican Republic 7,817 N/D N/D N/D
21  Mexico 5,833 N/D N/D N/D
22  Cuba 3,921 N/D N/D N/D
23  Ukraine 3,486 N/D N/D N/D
24  Portugal 3,281 N/D N/D N/D
25  Russia 2,169 N/D N/D N/D
Other countries 235,928 121,018 127,683 150,849
TOTAL 1,933,463 1,805,957 1,531,940 1,628,210

Languages

[edit]
Main article: Languages of Argentina

The official language of Argentina is Spanish, and it is spoken by practically the entire population in several different accents. [citation needed] The most common variation of Spanish in Argentina is the Rioplatense Spanish (Spanish: castellano rioplatense), and it is so named because it evolved in the central areas around the Río de la Plata basin. Its distinctive feature is widespread voseo, the use of the pronoun vos instead of tú for the second person singular. Additionally, the Argentinian accent sounds identical to Portuguese in the words that begin with 'll' or 'yo', and all the words in Portuguese that begin with 'ch'. For example, the following sentence English: What is your name? Portuguese: como se chama? Spanish: Como se llama? - 'chama' & 'llama' are pronounced as though they were spelled "Shama"in both Argentinian Spanish and Portuguese. Moreover, the sound shift of all of the words in Spanish that begin with "ll" or 'y' but sound like 'sh' i.e., 'llorar' 'llama, 'llegar' & 'yo'. In Portuguese the words that begin with 'ch' always sound like 'sh'. There are many more words like these shown above. The mutual intelligibility between Spanish and Portuguese is already high, but the 'sh' sound increases the intelligibility between both languages even more.

Non-indigenous minority languages

[edit]

Many Argentines also speak other European languages (Italian, German, Portuguese, French, Welsh, Swedish and Croatian, as examples) due to the vast number of immigrants from Europe that came to Argentina.[9]

English language is a required subject in many schools, and there are also many private English-teaching academies and institutions. Young people have become accustomed to English through movies and the Internet, and knowledge of the language is also required in most jobs, so most middle-class children and teenagers now speak, read and/or understand it with various degrees of proficiency. According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentines claim to speak some English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension).[10]

There are sources of around one million Levantine Arabic speakers in Argentina,[62] as a result of immigration from the Middle East, mostly from Syria and Lebanon.

Standard German is spoken by around 500,000[62][63] Argentines of German ancestry, though the number may be as high as 3,800,000 according to some sources.[64] German is the third or fourth most spoken language in Argentina.

There is a prosperous community of Argentine Welsh-speakers of approximately 25,000[65] in the province of Chubut, in the Patagonia region, who descend from 19th century immigrants.

Religion

[edit]

Religion in Argentina (2021)[66]

  Catholicism (48.9%)
  Evangelicalism (7.0%)
  No religion (39.8%)
  Islam (1.5%)
  Judaism (1.0%)
  Buddhism (0.5%)
  Hinduism (0.1%)
  Others (1.2%)
The 17th century Cathedral of Córdoba.

The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, but until 1994 the President and Vice President had to be Catholic. The society, culture, and politics of Argentina are deeply imbued with Roman Catholicism.[67]

Estimates for the number of Roman Catholics vary from 70% of the population,[68] to as much as 90%.[69] The CIA Factbook lists 92% of the country is Catholic, but only 20% are practicing regularly or weekly at a church service.[9] The Jewish population is about 300,000 (around 0.75% of the population), the community numbered about 400,000 after World War II, but the appeal of Israel and economic and cultural pressures at home led many to leave; recent instability in Israel has resulted in a modest reversal of the trend since 2003.[69][70] Muslim Argentines number about 500,000–600,000, or approximately 1.5% of the population; 93% of them are Sunni.[69] Buenos Aires is home to one of the largest mosques in Latin America. A study from 2010 found that approximately 11% of Argentines are non-religious, including those who believe in God, though not religion, agnostics (4%) and atheists (5%). Overall, 24% attended religious services regularly. Protestants were the only group in which a majority regularly attended services.[71]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "El INDEC difundió los resultados provisionales Censo 2022: 4 datos claves sobre la población argentina". Página/12. Retrieved 31 January 2023. La población argentina tiene actualmente 46.044.703 habitantes, es decir, 5.927.607 de personas más que las relevadas en el último censo, en 2010. En mayo de 2022, pocos días después del relevamiento, el INDEC había difundido los primeros resultados preliminares, que indicaban que la población argentina tenía 47.327.407 habitantes. Sin embargo el dato fue corregido esta tarde.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Estadísticas Vitales: Información Básica. Argentina - Año 2022" (PDF). Ministry of Health (Argentina) (in Spanish). January 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d "Argentina". World Factbook. CIA. 11 April 2023.
  4. ^ "SISTEMA ESTADÍSTICO DE POBLACIÓN Nacimientos en Argentina (2012 - 2022)". RENAPER -Dirección Nacional de Población. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2022: Indicadores demográficos, por sexo y edad" (PDF). INDEC. November 2023.
  6. ^ a b c "Censo 2022" [Census 2022]. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, República Argentina. INDEC. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  7. ^ "datosmundial.com (Argentina)". Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Censo 2010 Argentina resultados definitivos: mapas". 200.51.91.231. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "The World Factbook: Argentina", The World Factbook, 23 January 2023
  10. ^ a b Página/12, 27 December 2006. Los idiomas de los argentinos
  11. ^ "Argentina". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  12. ^ a b c "Major Cities". Government of Argentina. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  13. ^ "Ubicacion" (in Spanish). Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
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  15. ^ a b "Capítulo VII. Inmigrantes" (PDF). CELS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  16. ^ Sánchez-Alonso, Blanca. "European Immigration into Latin America, 1870–1930" (PDF). Madrid: Universidad San Pablo-CEU. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2011.
  17. ^ Rock, David. Argentina, 1516–1982. University of California Press, 1987.
  18. ^ "EDELAP – 120 años de alumbrado público". Edelap.com.ar. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  19. ^ "Portal población". INDEC. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  20. ^ a b Ramiro A. Flores Cruz, El crecimiento de la población argentina (PDF), pp. 2, 10, archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2019, retrieved 4 August 2018
  21. ^ a b B.R. Mitchell. International Historical Statistics: The Americas, 1750–1993. p. 79-81; 90-91.
  22. ^ "UN Demographic Yearbook: 1997 - Historical Supplement" (PDF). Unstats.un.org.
  23. ^ a b "Publicaciones de la DEIS: Serie 5 - Estadísticas Vitales". 1980–2020.
  24. ^ "Fecundidad", European Border Surveillance System, archived from the original on 27 February 2021, retrieved 4 August 2018
  25. ^ Publicaciones de la DEIS, visited june 20 2024
  26. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
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  28. ^ "Estructura por sexo y edad de la población: Total del país. Total de población, por sexo registrado al nacer e índice de feminidad, según edad. Año 2022". INDEC. November 2023.
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  31. ^ "Argentina Population 2018", World Population Review
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