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Siderno

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Siderno
Greek: Sidérno
Città di Siderno
Monument to the Seaman in Siderno.
Monument to the Seaman in Siderno.
Coat of arms of Siderno
Location of Siderno
Map
Siderno is located in Italy
Siderno
Siderno
Location of Siderno in Italy
Siderno is located in Calabria
Siderno
Siderno
Siderno (Calabria)
Coordinates: 38°16′N 16°18′E / 38.267°N 16.300°E / 38.267; 16.300
CountryItaly
RegionCalabria
Metropolitan cityReggio Calabria (RC)
FrazioniSee list
Government
 • MayorMaria Stefania Caracciolo, Matilde Mulè (Extraordinary commission)
Area
 • Total31 km2 (12 sq mi)
Elevation
4 m (13 ft)
Population
 (31 March 2018)[2]
 • Total18,187
 • Density590/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
DemonymSidernesi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
89048
Dialing code0964
Patron saintMaria SS. di Porto Salvo
Saint daySeptember 8
WebsiteOfficial website

Siderno (Calabrian: Sidernu or Siderni; Greek: Σιδέρνο, romanizedSidérno[citation needed]) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy, about 3 kilometres from Locri.

Siderno Marina is the newer town located on the Ionian coast. It is a destination for both Italian and foreign tourists and has a bathing beach.

Siderno Superiore is the old town, higher up on the flank of the coastal mountain range. It has historic palaces, old buildings and very narrow streets. Its population has largely relocated to the Marina which offers more job opportunities and services.

History

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The early history of the town is unknown. The old town in the hilly inland was probably founded in the 10th century by some people from Locri, who had fled to the area to defend themselves from Saracen incursions; in the following century it became a hamlet of the county of Grotteria and was home to various feudal lords. Siderno Marina was built along the coast after the 1783 earthquake.[3]

Geography

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Climate

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Climate data for Siderno (1961-1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4)
15.8
(60.4)
17.3
(63.1)
20.2
(68.4)
24.6
(76.3)
29.4
(84.9)
32.7
(90.9)
33.0
(91.4)
29.7
(85.5)
24.6
(76.3)
20.6
(69.1)
17.0
(62.6)
23.3
(73.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)
8.0
(46.4)
9.4
(48.9)
11.5
(52.7)
15.2
(59.4)
19.0
(66.2)
22.2
(72.0)
22.4
(72.3)
19.7
(67.5)
16.1
(61.0)
12.9
(55.2)
10.1
(50.2)
14.6
(58.3)
[citation needed]

Emigration

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Large-scale emigration abroad as well as to Northern Italy, which began to diminish only in the 1970s, has had a lasting effect on the demographic situation in the region. Emigrants from Siderno immigrated to the United States, Canada and Australia[4][5] since the end of the 19th century to find employment.

Many moved to Canada settled in Schreiber, Ontario due to then-ongoing construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Half of Schreiber's 2,000 residents trace their roots to Siderno.[6]

Economy

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Siderno is a tourist resort on the Ionian coast of the province of Reggio Calabria, with wide, sandy beaches, and a clear sea .[3]

The Siderno area is a center of production of bergamot orange, a citrus fruit that is used as an essence and fundamental ingredient in cosmetics, for its wound healing properties in the pharmaceutical industry, and for flavouring in the food industry.[3]

Crime

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The town is home to the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type criminal organization based in Calabria. Several powerful criminal clans originate from the town. Siderno was the fiefdom of Antonio Macrì, the undisputed local boss until his demise in January 1975. Several of the criminal clans are sometimes involved in bloody feuds.[7] The town is home to one of the 'Ndrangheta's biggest and most important clans, the Commisso 'ndrina, heavily involved in the global cocaine business and money laundering.[8]

Several clans moved to Canada, in particular the Greater Toronto Area, home to what Canadian law enforcement call the Siderno Group, which has been here since at least the 1950s. "The criminal minds of Siderno are in Canada", according to the Siderno police force. One of them, Antonio Commisso, was arrested in June 2005.[9] Individuals related to the so-called Siderno Group were still active in Southern Ontario in 2018.[10][11]

People

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Twin cities

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Frazioni

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Donisi (Greek: Διονυσση, romanizedDionyssi), Vennerello, Mirto (Greek: Μυρτώς, romanizedMyrtos), Campo, Lucis, Zammariti, Pellegrina, Arona, San Filippo, Leone, Grappidaro, Gonia (Greek: Γωνιά, romanizedGhonià), Pergola, Lamia.

References

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  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Siderno (Retrieved January 22, 2010)
  4. ^ Maria Pisconeri (née Panetta), Italian Lives in Western Australia
  5. ^ Giovanni Lagana & Maria Larosa, Lagana Family Genealogy
  6. ^ Sons and Daughters: The Italians of Schreiber, A Scattering of Seeds – The Creation of Canada
  7. ^ Back to the 'wolves', National Post, July 30, 2005
  8. ^ (in Italian) Gratteri & Nicaso, Fratelli di Sangue, p. 133
  9. ^ Why Italy's scariest Mob loves Canada Archived 2013-01-04 at archive.today, National Post, November 24, 2007
  10. ^ Edwards, Peter (2 July 2018). "Man killed in Woodbridge shooting had family ties to organized crime – The Star". The Toronto Star.
  11. ^ Humphreys, Adrian (29 June 2018). "'The less you know the better it is': Mob links in murder of man, woman on quiet Woodbridge street". National Post.
  12. ^ (in Italian) Nicola Zitara
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